1,721,245 research outputs found
Cardiovascular prevention in HIV-positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy.. The paradigm shift has already happened: Is it time to wake up and realise it?
No full textComment on Suboptimal primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention in HIV-positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy. [Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017
Oligodendrocytes in a dish for the drug discovery pipeline: The risk of oversimplification
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Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With HIV-1 Infection.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Acute hepatitis induced by traditional Chinese herbs used in the treatment of psoriasis [1]
No full textHerbal remedies are increasingly being employed in developed countries for the treatment of several disorders, such as gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, and skin diseases.
However, several reports have implicated traditional herbs in different types of liver damage, including abnormal liver tests, acute hepatitis, steatosis, chronic hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, bile-duct injury, veno-occlusive disease, and massive hepatic necrosis with acute liver failure. Particularly, several cases of Chinese herbal medicine-induced liver disease have been reported to date in the literatureAdministration of herbal derivatives for many clinical uses has a long tradition in eastern medicine, and has gained widespread popularity all over the world in the last few years. However, any scientific evaluation of herbal products presents considerable problems, because they contain a large mixture of ingredients, and there have not been randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials to support their efficacy and safety.
Particularly, Chinese herbal products have been employed for more than 1000 years in the treatment of various ailments, such as asthenia, insomnia, dyspepsia, gallstone disease, acute and chronic hepatitis, renal failure, prostate disorders, obesity, and skin disorders. In contrast, their ability to induce several hepatotoxic effects has already been described; as far as we know, 30 cases of liver damage have been reported to date, as summarized in Table 1. Chinese herbal medicine-associated liver injury is usually represented by acute hepatitis, but chronic hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, or massive hepatic necrosis with acute liver failure have been also described
Thyroid hormone activates oligodendrocyte precursors, increases a myelin forming protein and NGF content in the spinal cord during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
No full textRemyelination in the adult central nervous system has been demonstrated in different experimental models of demyelinating diseases. However, there is no clear evidence that remyelination occurs in multiple sclerosis, the most diffuse demyelinating disease. In this article, we explore the possibility of promoting myelination in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, a widely used experimental model of multiple sclerosis, by recruiting progenitors and channeling them into oligodendroglial lineage through administration of thyroid hormone (T4). A large number of proliferating cells (BrdUrd uptake and Ki67-IR) and the expression of markers for undifferentiated precursors (nestin) increased in the subventricular zone and spinal cord of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis animals. T4 administration reduces proliferation and nestin-immunoreactivity and up-regulates expression of markers for oligodendrocyte progenitors [polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), O4, A2B5] and mature oligodendrocytes (myelin basic protein) in the spinal cord, olfactory bulb, and subventricular zone
Differential effects of glucose deprivation on the survival of fetal versus adult neural stem cells-derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells
Full text linkImpaired myelination is a key feature in neonatal hypoxia/ischemia (HI), the most common perinatal/neonatal cause of death and permanent disabilities, which is triggered by the establishment of an inflammatory and hypoxic environment during the most critical period of myelin development. This process is dependent on oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and their capability to differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes. In this study, we investigated the vulnerability of fetal and adult OPCs derived from neural stem cells (NSCs) to inflammatory and HI insults. The resulting OPCs/astrocytes cultures were exposed to cytokines to mimic inflammation, or to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to mimic an HI condition. The differentiation of both fetal and adult OPCs is completely abolished following exposure to inflammatory cytokines, while only fetal-derived OPCs degenerate when exposed to OGD. We then investigated possible mechanisms involved in OGD-mediated toxicity: (a) T3-mediated maturation induction; (b) glutamate excitotoxicity; (c) glucose metabolism. We found that while no substantial differences were observed in T3 intracellular content regulation and glutamate-mediated toxicity, glucose deprivation lead to selective OPC cell death and impaired differentiation in fetal cultures only. These results indicate that the biological response of OPCs to inflammation and demyelination is different in fetal and adult cells, and that the glucose metabolism perturbation in fetal central nervous system (CNS) may significantly contribute to neonatal pathologies. An understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism will contribute greatly to differentiating myelination enhancing and neuroprotective therapies for neonatal and adult CNS white matter lesions
A dynamic culture platform enhances the efficiency of the 3D HUVEC-based tube formation assay
No full textCell-based in vitro biological models traditionally use monolayer cell cultures grown over plastic surfaces bathing in static media. Higher fidelity to a natural biological tissue is expected to result from growing the cells in a three-dimensional (3D) matrix. However, due to the decreased rate of diffusion inherent to increased distances within a tridimensional space, proper fluidic conditions are needed in this setting to better approximate a physiological environment. To this aim, we here propose a prototypal dynamic cell culture platform for the automatic medium replacement, via periodic perfusion flow, in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) culture seeded in a Geltrex (TM) matrix. A state-of-the-art angiogenesis assay performed in these dynamic conditions showed sizable effects with respect to conventional static control cultures, with significantly enhanced pro-(dual antiplatelet therapy [DAPT]) and anti-(EDTA) angiogenic compound activity. In particular, dynamic culture conditions (a) enhance the 3D-organization of HUVECs into microtubule structure; (b) accelerate and improve endothelial tube formation by HUVECs in the presence of DAPT; (c) are able to completely revert the blocking effects of EDTA. These evidence emphasize the need of setting proper fluidic conditions for a better approximation of a physiological environment as an appropriate evolution of current cell culture paradigms
Quantitative autoradiographic localization of [3H]imipramine binding sites in the brain of the rat: relationship to ascending 5-hydroxytryptamine neuron systems.
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