537 research outputs found
Ep. #183 - Solar Power, Solar Justice (feat. Dustin Mulvaney)
No full textThis recording and transcript form part of a collection of podcasts conducted by the Cultures of Energy at Rice University. Cultures of Energy brings writers, artists and scholars together to talk, think and feel their way into the Anthropocene. We cover serious issues like climate change, species extinction and energy transition. But we also try to confront seemingly huge and insurmountable problems with insight, creativity and laughter.Cymene and Dominic cover the stress (and joy!) of center directorships and sandwich-making on this week’s podcast. Then (13:53) Dustin Mulvaney (http://www.dustinmulvaney.com) visits the pod to tell us all the things we need to know about solar energy but were afraid to ask. He’s the author of the excellent new book, Solar Power: Innovation, Sustainability and Environmental Justice(U California Press, 2019). We start by talking about whether it’s possible to make a solar power revolution both rapid and just. That gets us to the toxic externalities of solar cell manufacture and his work with the Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition (http://svtc.org) to create a Solar Scorecard system that helps pressure manufacturers to clean up their production processes. Dustin breaks down for us the environmental advantages and disadvantages of both photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar (CSP) systems and then we turn to what he calls the “Green Civil War” brewing between animal rights activists and renewable energy activists over land use changes especially in the American Southwest. In closing we discuss whether a radically decentralized energy ecology could help advance environmental justice goals and what lessons should be learned from Obama era ARRA solar investments in terms of improving energy justice in the future
Jonesin': the life and music of Philly Joe Jones
No full textThis thesis explores the life of drummer “Philly” Joseph Rudolf Jones, one of jazz’s most renowned, unknown figures. As the drummer for the Miles Davis Quintet/Sextet and a later incarnation of the Bill Evans Trio, Joe achieved worldwide fame and success. Yet, his life story has always been told in the footnotes of the towering figures he performed with: John Coltrane, Bud Powell, Charlie Parker, Thelonious Monk, etc. Jazz history books recognize Joe’s contributions and nearly all provide a space, albeit a small one, to recognize his accomplishments. Leonard Feather’s The Encyclopedia of Jazz has an entry for Joe, Lewis Porter’s An Historical Survey of Jazz Drumming Styles lists Joe as an important figure in the evolution of jazz drumming, and The Oxford Companion to Jazz states that “just about anyone of consequence worked with Jones.” These texts and many others put Joe in a place of prominence for a handful of sentences. However, footnoting Joe’s success overlooks the fact that he recorded on more than one-hundred albums from 1955-1960 and was probably the most recorded American drummer in any genre during that time period. Despite his popularity and critical acclaim, no published author has delved into Joe’s complex life with any depth. This thesis explores Joe’s musical biography and seeks to illuminate the paradoxes therin. Joe’s story contains drug use, prison time, and abrasive behavior. On the other hand, he was an excellent musician and a generous man who mentored many young musicians. Joe’s life is intertwined in a web of circumstantial experiences: a fatherless upbringing, military service during World War II, integrating the Philadelphia Transit Company, and working to survive as a musician in New York. There are also lesser-known parts of his life including his roots as a Rhythm and blues drummer, his love for big band music, and his associations with the avant-garde. Joe overcame the obstacles of socioeconomic status, racism, evolving musical styles, and the drug culture to become a superb musician who still found time to educate the next generation.M.A.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Dustin E. MalloryIncludes discograph
Fork of RRR - SripadaEtAl2014 Calvillo Replication
No full textTemplate for participating labs in the Hart replication. Fork this template to create a new version for each lab
Fork of RRR - SripadaEtAl2014 Calvillo Replication
No full textTemplate for participating labs in the Hart replication. Fork this template to create a new version for each lab
Golden, Oregon cultural landscape report
No full textby Susan Johnson and Dustin Welch ; prepared in collaboration with the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department and the University of Oregon.Title from PDF title page (viewed on September 4, 2020).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
High-resolution trace element geochemistry and sequence stratigraphy of the Middle-Late Devonian (Givetian-Frasnian) Frasnes crisis
No full textThe Middle–Late Devonian (Givetian–Frasnian) ‘Frasnes’ event is marked by a second order mass extinction approximately coeval with the deposition of black shale on a global scale and the ‘falsiovalis’ positive δ13C isotope excursion. These characteristics are also hallmarks of extensively studied mass extinction events such as the Late Devonian Kellwasser (Frasnian-Famennian) and the end-Devonian Hangenberg crises. However, the relative timing of black shale intervals, eustatic sea-level fluctuations, and the carbon isotope excursion is unknown, and any possible causative relationships cannot be determined. This research provides a high-resolution integrated geochemical dataset to evaluate the paleoenvironmental condition of the rocks deposited during the Frasnes interval in central Nevada and compares those results to the better understood Kellwasser and Hangenberg events. Geochemical data from the Frasnes event is tied to lithostratigraphic sections and used to build a sequence stratigraphic framework from which eustatic changes are identified and linked directly to elemental abundance data. These data, in conjunction with new biostratigraphic and carbon isotope data collected from the same samples, places these events within a chronostratigraphic framework and helps to further our understanding of this significant Earth history event.Restricted until 06/2023. To request the author grant access, click on the PDF link to the left
Effectiveness of a Brief Training Activity on Reasoning Strategy and Judgment
No full textIndividual differences in information processing can influence deductive reasoning. The dual-strategy model of reasoning describes two strategies, in which reasoners can create a likelihood estimation (statistical strategy) or use specific examples from long-term memory (counterexample strategy) to evaluate new information (Markovits et al., 2012). There is evidence that participants can switch strategies under a time constraint (Markovits et al., 2013) and with the presence of counterexamples (Markovits et al., 2012). Using a counterexample strategy has been associated with better performance on judgment tasks such as belief-bias and base-rate neglect tasks (e.g., Thompson & Markovits, 2021). It has yet to be examined if a change in strategy influences performance on other tasks. The current study examined if participants' default reasoning strategy could be changed with a brief training task, and if a change in strategy influences base-rate neglect. Participants (N = 128) were randomly placed into a training or control condition. They completed two versions of a reasoning diagnostic, two base-rate neglect tasks, and either the training or filler task. A greater number of reasoners used a counterexample strategy after the training activity and more reasoners used a counterexample strategy in the training condition compared to the control condition. Reasoning strategy was not associated with base-rate neglect. The present findings provide further support that reasoning strategy is a flexible individual difference
Warnings Reduce the Sequential Lap Effect in Eyewitness Identification
No full textRecent studies in eyewitness identification have pointed to an advantage in accuracy for witnesses to identify suspects from a sequential, rather than simultaneous, lineup. Under the sequential procedure, some witnesses may wish to see another viewing (or lap) of the lineup if they did not get a good look at the suspects during the first viewing. Should police detectives allow multiple-lap lineups? Previous research shows that identification accuracy decreases from one lap to two laps, and some detectives may want to warn witnesses of this possibility before proceeding with a second viewing. The present study tested which presentation method (one lap, two laps, or two laps with a warning) produces the highest rate of correct decisions among culprit-present and culprit-absent lineups. All participants viewed a one-minute video portraying the theft of a laptop and then completed a distracter task for five minutes. In the identification phase, one-lap participants answered whether each of six mugshots was the culprit in the video, as well as their confidence in each decision. All two-lap participants viewed the lineup once without answering and a second time while answering as the one-lap participants did. Warned two-lap participants were given a warning of the possible detriment to identification accuracy before proceeding with the second viewing. Results indicated a lap effect ??? two-lap participants identified fillers more often than one-lap participants regardless of culprit presence. A warning effect also emerged, but only under the culprit-absent lineup: even though two-lap participants had a higher rate of filler identifications, those who received a warning chose a filler less often than those who did not. These findings imply that witnesses should be strongly encouraged to make a decision after only one viewing, but those witnesses who absolutely require multiple viewings should be warned to take care in identifying a suspect.Psycholog
The Impact of Humanizing Information and Prior Contact on Willingness to Help and Attitudes toward Children with Severe Disabilities
No full textChildren with severe disabilities are often socially excluded and stigmatized; this can lead to negative physical, emotional, and behavioral outcomes. Dehumanization is one type of stigma people with disabilities face and is common in medical practice. This is especially problematic for children with severe disabilities because they have high health care utilization. However, research clearly illustrates that empathy improves clinical outcomes. Given that children with severe disabilities are often dependent on the care of others for all aspects of daily living, it is critical to develop interventions that improve the attitudes of potential helpers. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of humanizing information and prior contact with people who have disabilities on willingness to help and attitudes toward children with severe disabilities. Prior to watching a video of a child with severe disabilities, college students (N = 240) read either a clinical description of the child’s diagnosis or a less clinical description combined with humanizing information such as the child’s name, favorite color, and hobbies. After watching the video, participants’ attitudes and willingness to help a child with severe disabilities were measured as well as their comfort while watching the video. It was predicted that humanizing information would result in more positive attitudes and greater willingness to help a child with severe disabilities, especially for participants who reported lower levels of prior contact with people who have disabilities. Regarding willingness to help, the hypothesis was partially supported. There was evidence of an effect of prior contact on willingness to help, regardless of type of information, such that participants with higher levels of prior contact were more willing to help. A multidimensional approach assessed affect, behaviors, and cognitions toward individuals with disabilities. There was evidence of an effect of prior contact such that greater levels of prior contact were associated with more positive attitudes toward individuals with disabilities. However, a significant moderating effect of humanizing information was found for the affect and behaviors subscales. For those who received humanizing information, affect and behaviors toward a boy with severe disabilities were no longer bound by previous experiences. Additionally, type of information moderated the relationship between prior contact and comfort while watching the video of a child with severe disabilities. Those who had higher levels of prior contact and received the humanizing information were significantly more comfortable while watching the video of a child with severe disabilities than any other group. Given this finding, interventions directed toward caregivers may have a substantial impact on quality of life for children with disabilities. In this study, humanizing information interrupted the relationship between prior contact and affect and behaviors toward a child with severe disabilities. Therefore, humanizing information may be a useful tool in eliminating bias toward other stigmatized populations. Overall, these findings lend support to the use of multidimensional measures and a regression framework to further elucidate the complex nature of attitudes toward disability
Does Object-Scene Memory Integration Depend on Object-Scene Consistency?
No full textMemory for semantically inconsistent objects in scenes is greater than that for semantically consistent objects—a phenomenon known as the inconsistent object advantage (Hollingworth & Henderson, 2000). Semantically inconsistent objects are also fixated longer and more often than consistent objects (Henderson et al., 1999), potentially leaving less time for encoding the rest of the scene in which the objects occur. To determine whether semantically inconsistent objects are stored in memory with fewer of their scene's visual details, participants studied scenes that contained either semantically consistent or inconsistent target objects. After study, target objects were presented at test either in their original scene from the study phase or in a different scene of the same category. Memory for semantically consistent objects decreased when their scene changed at test. In contrast, changing the scene at test had no significant effect on memory for semantically inconsistent objects. The results suggest that semantically inconsistent objects are stored in memory with fewer of their scene's visual details, as changing those details at test did not disrupt memory for the objects. The findings provide new insight into the inconsistent object advantage and suggest that the semantic relationship between an object and its scene may influence whether both are stored as part of an integrated representation in visual long-term memory
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