196,455 research outputs found
Toward sustainable management: Southern Africa's Afromontane, and Western Australia's jarrah forests
No full textWe review the history of forest management in two southern hemisphere foresttypes: Western Australia’s jarrah Eucalyptus marginata forests and the Afromontane forests ofsouthern Africa to determine approaches for achieving sustainable forest management. We arguethat despite major differences in the ecology and biogeography of these two forest types, a sharedpattern in the history of exploitation may provide lessons for achieving sustainable managementacross forest types. While advanced silvicultural understanding has long been achieved in both for-est types, this in itself has not led to either sustainable management or to public acceptance of forestmanagement regimes. In both areas an early, rapid expansion of uncontrolled timber removal and inthe number of operating timber mills was followed by controlled exploitation, a rapid decline in thenumbers of mills and, more recently, a general decline in yield. In neither case was increased con-cern about conservation responsible for the reduction in either yield or in employment in the indus-try. Rather, in WA jarrah forests, amendments in purpose and tenure were subsequent to the loss ofmost mills and towns, while in southern Africa’s Afromontane forests, timber workers were pen-sioned by 1939 because of scanty remaining merchantable timber. In the jarrah forests, we believethat the conflict generated by conservation concerns, reduced timber industry employment, and re-duced benefits flowing to the communities adjacent to the logged forests, has fueled dissatisfactionwith forest management outcomes. This has led to a new process in the preparation of forest man-agement plans. Increased accountability and more realistic expectations of timber yield followingproductivity declines may mean the current plan for the forests of Western Australia can be used asan example to achieve sustainability in Mediterranean forest ecosystems. However, general accep-tance of management regimes may not be achieved until the scale of logging operations is matchedwith local sustainability criteria. Increasing the area of reserves will not accelerate this process, butrather may impede it. Setting conservative overall yield estimates, and achieving local sustainabil-ity seem both to be necessary to achieve general acceptance of management regimes. A sustainablemanagement system appears to have been achieved in the Afromontane forests and has led to thedevelopment and maintenance of support for small-scale operations to supply local timber needsfrom State managed forests. In both environments such a process is achievable because of the highvalue and specialized nature of the native forest timber resource, and because of the increasingavailability of general purpose timber from plantations
Why 'a forest conscienceness'?
No full textThe phrase 'a forest conscienceness' was used in a major statement made by Charles Lane Poole, Western Australia's Conservator of Forests from 1916-1921, for the 1920 British Empire Forestry Conference. It is both relevant and contemporary at the beginning of the 21st century. We chose it as the conference theme to encourage engagement with both a conscious awareness of forests and their values, and a sense of moral responsibility toward forest management. It stimulated a broad range of lively contributions that emphasized mainly the 'awareness' aspect, although some authors addressed 'moral responsibility'. Perhaps 'conscienceness', like sustainability, is an evolving concept not yet fully mature. It warrants further engagement
Can microhabitat selection explain sex-related colour morph frequencies in the grasshopper Acrida conica Fabricius?
No full textGreen—brown colour polymorphism is common in the genus Acrida (Rowell 1971), and in the Australian species A. conica green and brown morphs occur sympatrically. Nymphs show significant associations between morph and sex, more female grasshoppers being green. This association occurs less frequently in adults (Garlinge et al. 1991). Acrida conica can also change colour at a moult depending on stimuli in its microhabitat (M. C. Calver, unpublished data), as can some congenerics (Rowell 1971). Here, we test the hypothesis of Garlinge et al (1991) that the sex—morph association is caused by microhabitat selection by the sexes. if this were so, females would select green grass whose microenvironment would cause them to moult into the green morph, while males would choose brown backgrounds, ultimately leading to brown grasshoppers. One of us (Calver 1985) presented preliminary results which suggested that substrate matching occurred in A. conica, but the approach used then prevented assessment of sex differences
Sustained unsustainability? An evaluation of evidence for a history of overcutting in the jarrah forests of Western Australia and its consequences for fauna conservation
No full textIn 1996, Government directives began a transition to conform logging in Western Australia’s State forests to principles of ecologically sustainable forest management (ESFM). To place this in a historical context, we reviewed the history of the logging of jarrah Eucalyptus marginata forests to determine whether the volume of timber extracted and the main forest management practices employed was consistent with components of ESFM. While quantitative assessment proved difficult, usually the timber cut considerably exceeded the estimated annual increment of forested lands. Overcutting often distressed professionals, who strove to regulate logging despite social, political and economic pressures. Furthermore, despite recent major reductions in permissible timber cut, areas of productive State forest have declined after conversion to alternative vestings. Thus it is important to prevent overcutting continuing in the remaining production forests.
Too few data exist on the health or condition of forest ecosystems before logging to document subtle impacts. However, overcutting has interacted with broad-scale threatening processes in their impacts on forest fauna. These changes are all associated with reluctance to invoke effective adaptive management in association with the precautionary principle. The historical survey suggests that ESFM cannot be achieved without a socio-political will to assert long-term sustainable practice in the face of short-term goals. This could be achieved in the current preparation of a new forest management plan for Western Australia
Credible science? Criteria for evaluating governmental processes which deal with the sustainable management of wild living resources
No full textSustainable development, it has been argued, is a process of achieving human development in an inclusive, connected, equitable, prudent and secure manner (1). A key component of the delivery of sustainable management for wild living resources, therefore, must involve both governmental processes which manage, and the scientific knowledge which document, the changes in those resources
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
Permian-Triassic fluvial deposits: a preliminary lithostratigraphic comparison between Southern Victoria Land (Antarctica) and Tasman (Australia) basins
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