1,720,981 research outputs found
Strong data processing inequalities in power-constrained Gaussian channels
No full textThis work presents strong data processing results for the power-constrained additive Gaussian channel. Explicit bounds on the amount of decrease of mutual information under convolution with Gaussian noise are shown. The analysis leverages the connection between information and estimation (I-MMSE) and the following estimation-theoretic result of independent interest. It is proved that any random variable for which there exists an almost optimal (in terms of the mean-squared error) linear estimator operating on the Gaussian-corrupted measurement must necessarily be almost Gaussian (in terms of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance).National Science Foundation (U.S.) (CAREER Award Grant CCF-12-53205)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant IIS-1447879)National Science Foundation (U.S.). Center for Science of Information (Grant Agreement CCF-09-39370
An exploration of the role of principal inertia components in information theory
No full textThe principal inertia components of the joint distribution of two random variables X and Y are inherently connected to how an observation of Y is statistically related to a hidden variable X. In this paper, we explore this connection within an information theoretic framework. We show that, under certain symmetry conditions, the principal inertia components play an important role in estimating one-bit functions of X, namely f(X), given an observation of Y. In particular, the principal inertia components bear an interpretation as filter coefficients in the linear transformation of p[subscript f(X)|X] into p[subscript f(X)|Y]. This interpretation naturally leads to the conjecture that the mutual information between f(X) and Y is maximized when all the principal inertia components have equal value. We also study the role of the principal inertia components in the Markov chain B → X → Y → B̂, where B and B̂ are binary random variables. We illustrate our results for the setting where X and Y are binary strings and Y is the result of sending X through an additive noise binary channel.United States. Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (United States. Air Force Contract FA8721-05-C-002
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Adapting Fairness-Intervention Algorithms to Missing Data
No full textMissing values in real-world data pose a significant and unique challenge to algorithmic fairness. Different demographic groups may be unequally affected by missing data, and standard procedures for handling missing values such as impute-then-classify can exacerbate discrimination. In this thesis, we analyze how missing values in data affect algorithmic fairness. We discuss the fairness risks posed by disparate missingness and the limitations of impute-then-classify. We then prove a theoretical result that characterizes the reduction in fairness-accuracy potential when training a model on imputed data. We present scalable adaptive algorithms for fair classification with missing values. These algorithms can be combined with any preexisting fairness-intervention algorithm to handle all possible missing patterns while avoiding the disadvantages of impute-then-classify. Numerical experiments with an array of state-of-the-art fairness interventions demonstrate that our adaptive algorithms consistently achieve higher fairness and accuracy than impute-then-classify across many different datasets, particularly when the missingness pattern of the data conveys significant information about the predictive label
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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