1,320 research outputs found
Una branche dimenticata: studio e traduzione di Renart Empereur
No full textAbstract della Tesi di Dottorato
Una branche dimenticata: studio e traduzione di Renart Empereur
La Tesi propone uno studio complessivo e la traduzione integrale della più estesa branche del Roman de Renart, meglio nota come Renart Empereur. In passato, la branche XI, secondo la numerazione di Martin, ha conosciuto una notevole fortuna, testimoniata dalla cospicua tradizione manoscritta, costituita da dodici codici e due frammenti, e dalla ripresa di alcuni temi fondamentali della guerra tra Re Noble e Renart e dell’incoronazione della volpe nelle opere epigonali Renart le Nouvel e Le Couronnement Renart; tuttavia la critica moderna ha relegato questa branche a un ruolo subalterno, giudicandola povera del carattere eroicomico tipico delle branches più antiche, e priva di un’architettura narrativa armoniosa e bene organizzata.
Il presente lavoro opera in direzione di una rivalutazione generale della branche, ritenendo che i giudizi negativi su di essa derivino da due fraintendimenti: la valutazione di un prodotto letterario medievale attraverso dei criteri estetici moderni, e l’idea che la frammentarietà strutturale della branche derivi dalla scarsa abilità del troviero responsabile dell’intero testo.
La branche XI è articolata in due unità narrative, del tutto indipendenti non solo dal punto di vista diegetico, ma anche sotto il profilo genetico: la discontinuità tra le due sezioni emerge lucidamente sui piani delle strutture, dei contenuti e dell’apparato retorico formale, determinando una storia compositiva articolata in fasi distinte.
Il primo capitolo si concentra sull’analisi dei contenuti narrativi degli episodi confluiti nella prima sezione, più varia e dinamica, che si delinea come una catena di avventure e di incontri che Renart compie lungo il cammino: Renart e Isengrin, Renart e le more, Renart e Roonel, Renart e i nibbi, Renart, il cavaliere e il servitore, Renart e Droin. Alcuni di essi sono fortemente debitori alla tradizione renardiana, dalla quale attingono i motivi e il formulismo tipici.
Il secondo capitolo prende in esame la seconda sezione, che si configura come un racconto unitario volto alla parodia sistematica e globale del mondo epico-cavalleresco: la narrazione si svolge tra la corte e il campo di battaglia e ruota attorno alle vicende belliche che il popolo di Re Noble deve sostenere prima contro i pagani e poi contro Renart e i baroni in rivolta. La solidarietà delle strutture narrative, dei contenuti e dei temi, dell’apparato retorico-formale e, infine, delle modalità di conduzione del racconto, dimostra che per la seconda sezione è possibile supporre una genesi unitaria.
Dopo aver analizzato gli aspetti di singolarità dell’una e dell’altra sezione, il terzo capitolo si propone l’indagine della branche nel suo complesso, analizzando le strategie formali e tematiche intervenute per conferire uniformità a un discorso narrativo così eterogeneo, che sin dalla sua prima circolazione manoscritta hanno garantito una ricezione unitaria della branche. Si considera, inoltre, la storia compositiva della branche, che sin dalla sua prima circolazione manoscritta è stata recepita come un complesso narrativo unitario e coeso. Infine, si studia la funzione della branche all’interno della macrostruttura del Roman de Renart, del quale sembra proporsi come conclusione ideale.A forgotten branche: analysis and translation of Renart Empereur
The thesis aims to provide a comprehensive study and translation of the most extensive branche of the Roman de Renart, better known as Renart Empereur. In the past the branche – which is the 11th according to the branch numbers established by Martin – has achieved extraordinary success. This is attested by the large number of manuscript witnesses, and the epigonal works Renart le Nouvel and Le Couronnement Renart resume some of the main themes contained in this branche – such as the war between King Noble and Renart as well as the fox’s coronation. Nevertheless, modern criticism has disregarded the importance of this branche because of the lack of heroicomic character typical of the oldest branches, and the disorganization of the narrative structure.
The first chapter focuses on the analysis of the narrative contents of the episodes of the first section, more varied and dynamic, which is a chain of adventures and meetings that Renart makes along the way: Renart and Isengrin, Renart and the blackberries, Renart and Roonel, Renart and the kites, Renart, the knight and the servant, Renart and Droin. Some of them use the motifs and the rhetorical expressions typical of the renardian tradition.
The second chapter examines the second section, a unitary and uniform narration, which is focused on the systematic and global parody of the epic-chivalric world: the narration takes place between the court and the battlefield and revolves around the war events between the people of King Noble and the pagans, and then against Renart. The uniformity of the narrative structures, of the contents and themes, of the rhetorical-formal apparatus and, lastly, of the strategies adopted by the storyteller, shows that the second section had a unitary genesis.
After analyzing the peculiarities of one and the other section, the third chapter investigates the entire structure of the branche, and explores the formal and thematic strategies used by the storyteller to give uniformity to a narrative discourse so heterogeneous. This chapter focuses on the genesis of the branche, which has been perceived as a coherent anthology since the very earliest manuscript witnesses. Eventually, the study considers the role played by the branche in the macrostructure of the Roman de Renart, showing that it can be seen as an ideal conclusion of the cycle
Le metamorfosi di Renart la volpe
No full textEdizione con traduzione italiana a fronte delle branches 1b, 23, 22, 11 del Roman de Renar
The ethical and moral-based dimension of leadership in CSR-oriented strategies and sustainable entrepreneurship
No full textThis chapter addresses the theme of leadership and its influence on corporate social
responsibility (CSR) and sustainability-oriented strategies. Specifically, it aims to analyse,
through a deductive and literature-based approach, the relevance of the ethical and moral
leadership models with respect to the diffusion of CSR and sustainable entrepreneurship. Linking ethical and moral-based leadership to the CSR and sustainable entrepreneurship discourse allows us to point out the relevance of an authentic orientation in supporting
change and fostering sustainable entrepreneurship The theoretical construct of responsible and sustainable leadership derives from the
intersection of the moral-based leadership concepts with those of CSR and sustainable
entrepreneurship..Drawing from these premises, this chapter seeks to identify leadership models and
attributes consistent with (and necessary to develop) an authentic CSR-oriented strategy
and able to foster sustainable entrepreneurship.
Accordingly, in this chapter, we argue that leadership represents a key aspect that
warrants more research within both CSR and sustainable entrepreneurship studies. The
research questions that orients this study can be summarised as follows: Which leadership
models favour authentic CSR practices? Are moral, ethical-based and virtues-based models
of leadership effective in developing CSR and fostering sustainable entrepreneurship?
These questions guide the critical review of the different leadership approaches, bringing
attention to the models that are most coherent in regard to the actual socio-economic
context which requires managers and entrepreneurs to govern the internal and external
complexity and actively contribute to sustainability. The methodological approach is
mainly based on a literature review that surveys critical points in current literature that is
relevant to the topic.
The work is structured as follows. First, we offer an analysis of the leadership theoretical
framework in the context of the CSR debate. We begin with a brief methodological
note, followed by an analysis of the antecedents of CSR and sustainable entrepreneurship
in terms of values and virtues.
Second, a review of relevant literature on leadership approaches and models consistent
with the CSR and sustainable entrepreneurship discourse is presented, emphasising the relationship between transformational, moral and virtues-based leadership and
CSR-oriented strategies and sustainable entrepreneurship. Drawing from the analysis,
four main propositions are introduced. The final sections illustrate the propositions and
summarise the implications and limitations of the study
Astronomical silicate nanoparticle analogues produced by pulsed laser ablation on olivine single crystals
No full textSilicate nanoparticles, otherwise referred to as very small grains (VSGs) [1], occur in various
astrophysical environments. These grains experience substantial processing (e.g., amorphization)
during their lifetime in the diffuse interstellar medium due to events such as grain-grain collisions
and irradiation [2]. Moreover, several studies have pointed out that the main building blocks of
these silicates are O, Si, Fe, Mg, Al and Ca, all elements that are among the principal constituents of
the Earth’s surface [3], thus leading to the name “astronomical silicates”. However, the structure
and chemical evolution together with the origin of these grains are still poorly understood and
intensively debated [4,5].
The aim of this study is the simulation of space weathering processes on olivine single
crystals by liquid phase pulsed laser ablation (LP-PLA). The study of the resulting structure of both
the target and the ablated material together with their chemical evolution has been carried out by a
multiple technique characterization. In particular, spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering
measurements, analyses of the electrostatic properties and reactivity to acids and bases on the
obtained colloidal solutions of the ablated nanoproducts have been performed and coupled with highresolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM).
Selected olivine target crystals (Fo87) from the São Miguel island (Azores) were analyzed
by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). LP-PLA
experiments were performed with a Nd:YAG laser focused via a singlet lens onto the surface of the
target, which was fixed at the bottom of a polystyrene box filled with 4 ml of deionized water (type
1) to immerge it completely. Laser pulses of 5 ns and 100 mJ simulate the timeframe and energy
exchange occurring during grain-grain interstellar collisions [6] and they generate a plasma plume
at the crystal/liquid interface. The rapid cooling induced by the confining liquid layer brings about
the condensation of the chemical vapor it contains with production of a colloidal solution of
nanoparticles. These solutions were analyzed by dynamic light scattering techniques and optical
absorption spectroscopy in the range from 200 nm to 1100 nm (6.20 eV - 1.13 eV). Absorption
measurements on the colloidal solutions have been compared against reference colloidal solutions
dispersed in deionized water (i.e. mesoporous silica [SiO2] nanoparticles, brucite [Mg(OH)2]
nanoparticles, aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3] nanoparticles, chrysotile [Mg3Si2O5(OH)4] nanotubes,
and synthetic forsterite [Mg2SiO4] nanoparticles). Moreover, additional absorption analyses have
been carried out as a function of the addition of known aliquots of sulfuric acid and sodium
hydroxide solutions. TEM/EDS analyses were then performed on the ablated nanoparticles deposited
via electrophoresis on C-coated Cu grids and compositional variations of the ablated target were
determined by X-ray photo-emission spectroscopy analyses.
The size distribution of LP-PLA synthesized nanoparticles is typically multimodal due to
aggregation phenomena. Aggregation is consistent with the measured ζ-potential, which is negative
with a relatively low absolute value, within the range 30-50 mV. Nonetheless, a recurrent mode is
centered at about 2 nm (hydrodynamic diameter) and it is consistent with the measured size
distribution obtained by transmission electron microscopy analysis (average nanoparticles diameter
around 3-5 nm). Optical absorption measurements on the ejected material show a main band
around 215 nm. This feature is very similar to the “B2 band” reported in several studies on silica
glass [7] and ascribed to oxygen vacancies, but its nature is still far to be fully understood. We also
found that this feature at 215 nm is very common among both Si and Mg compounds (e.g., Sioxide, Mg-hydroxide, chrysotile). Moreover, additional absorption bands in the range 240-350nm are
observed suggesting the formation of new space weathering products as result of the ablation
process.
Therefore, these results suggest that substantial chemical processing might be expected
during space weathering of “typical” interstellar grains into VSGs. Moreover, coupling these
experimental results with remote sensing datasets will provide fundamental information about the
origin and evolution of these silicate grains
SILICATE NANOPARTICLES PRODUCED BY LABORATORY SIMULATED SPACE WEATHERING OF OLIVINE SINGLE CRYSTALS
No full textSilicate nanoparticles, otherwise
referred to as very small grains (VSGs) [1], occur in
the interstellar medium. These grains experience a
strong structural modification during their lifetime in
the diffuse interstellar medium, due to events such as
grain-grain collisions and irradiation. Grain
amorphization is one of the major effects, transforming
crystalline dust concentrated in star envelopes into
amorphous silicate grains populating the interstellar
medium [2]. Moreover, several studies have pointed
out that the main building blocks of these silicates are
O, Si, Fe, Mg, Al and Ca, all elements that are among
the principal constituents of the Earth’s surface [3],
thus leading to the name “astronomical silicates”.
However, the structure and chemical evolution
together with the origin of these grains are still poorly
understood and intensively debated [4,5].
The aim of this study is the simulation of space
weathering processes by liquid phase pulsed laser
ablation (LP-PLA) on olivine single crystals. We adopt
a multiple technique characterization, taking advantage
of optical spectroscopy analyses and high- resolution
transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), to shed
light on the structure and chemical evolution of the
ablated material
Laboratory Simulation of Space Weathering on Silicate Surfaces in the Water Environment
No full textSilicate nanoparticles occur in various astrophysical environments where they experience
substantial processing due to events such as grain-grain collisions and irradiation. However, the
structure and chemical evolution together with the origin of these grains are still poorly understood
and intensively debated. For this purpose, we performed liquid-phase nanosecond pulsed laser ablation on olivine single crystals to (i) simulate space weathering in a water environment (e.g.,
hydrous or volatile-rich bodies) and (ii) study the chemical and structural evolution of both the
target surface and the ablated material. In particular, optical spectroscopy analyses have been
performed on the ablated material and correlated with high-resolution transmission electron
microscopy and diffraction; whereas, compositional variations of the ablated target surface were
determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Our results show that the target material is
enriched in Fe and depleted in Mg after the ablation process, with the water environment triggering
the oxidation of Fe2+ into Fe3+ in a region confined at the solid-liquid interface and thus promoting
the formation of magnetite on the sample surface. On the other hand, in the ablated material we
find olivine crystalline fragments with shock features together with Mg-rich crystalline
nanoparticles. Notably, no metallic iron nanoparticles have been detected in the ablated material.
Our simulation of space weathering in water environment revealed structural and chemical
changes which are expected to give rise to distinctive features in the reflectance spectra when
compared to those from airless bodies of the inner Solar System
Raymond Queneau’s Œuvres complètes de Sally Mara
No full textThis chapter follows the development of Raymond Queneau’s works published under the pseudonym (or auteur supposé) of Sally Mara, including her journal intime, at a time when diary-writing and the writing subject itself were out of favour with the literary avant-garde. A novel published in 1947 attributed to Sally Mara, followed by her Journal intime (1950) and her Œuvres complètes (1962), draw on Gide’s experiments with diary-writing, but comically expose the formal processes by which an author-figure and literary œuvre are constructed. This is often done by creating conflict between the several authorial figures involved (Queneau, Mara, and the fictional editor Michel Presle), and by processes of metalepsis (the transgresssion of boundaries in a narrative framework). Yet the works do not reduce the author-figure to an entirely textual, discursive phenomenon, disconnected from reality, and they tend to endorse a reader’s curiosity about the ‘real’ author.</p
A study on fire evacuation awareness at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) / Norshafiqah Elina Mohd Mustafa
No full textThis thesis is about fire evacuation awareness at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). In this study, there are three campus of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) which from branch Shah Alam, Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor and Seri Iskandar, Perak. Respondents from the 3 branch of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) are the key to succeed this study where the questionnaire are distributed to the staff and students who are occupied in that building, and there has an interview session between the author and the person who is in charge in this studies. The issues that are arise in the Campus of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) branch Shah Alam, Selangor is there are no assembly point because this campus are crowded with buildings. Because of the issues, it brings to the making of this study. The author decided to study about the fire evacuation on the campus with different situation, which are the old campus are longer, new campus, and small capacity campus. This study was conducted to study about fire evacuation system in all the different campuses. Not all the campuses are using the same system. They used conventional system, full addressable system and semi addressable system. By studying the system, the author know what are the problems on the buildings that the fire drill are not conducted for their building occupants. Fire drill is important to increase the level of awareness of building occupants. The study also highlight suggestions from the Facility Department to improve their current system, as well as suggestions from the respondents to improve their self-awareness
Humans reshape wetlands: Unveiling the last 100 years of morphological changes of the Mara Wetland, Tanzania
No full textThe Lower Mara River and Wetland, Tanzania, is an important ecosystem and unique water resource for a vast semi-arid area. The river, an affluent of Lake Victoria, and the wetland are experiencing morphological and vegetation changes resulting in channel avulsions and wetland expansion. This study analyses the changes over the last 100 years and investigates natural and anthropogenic behaviors to explain the increase of the Mara Wetland area. We collated historical topographic maps and satellite images. We conducted two field surveys in low and high flow condition with an unmanned aerial vehicle, a sonar and an ADCP. We mapped selected areas as well as the bed topography in some stretches of the river, measured discharges, and collected river bed and suspended sediment samples. The analysis of the sediments shows that the wetland system, dominated by papyrus sp., is very efficient in trapping sediment, releasing clear water to the Lake Victoria. The historical reconstruction using topographic maps, satellite images and a multivariable analysis including hydrology and land cover, shows that 4 major avulsions occurred in the last 70 years due to a combination of natural behaviors, hydrological fluctuations and anthropogenic factors such as basin deforestation, farming and grazing along the river banks and in the wetland. Each avulsion led to substantial expansion of the wetland. Combined, they increased the wetland area by a factor of 3.6. Describing the Lower Mara River dynamic behavior, this work provides relevant information for sustainable future water and sediment management in order to preserve wetland habitats and natural resources.Accepted Author ManuscriptEnvironmental Fluid MechanicsWater Resource
Investigating morphological responses to sediment flux alterations and land use changes in the Mara Wetland, Tanzania
No full textThe Mara River is the only perennial river of a vast semi-arid area, including the Mara Serengeti ecoregion in Kenya and Tanzania. The river sustains more than one million inhabitants and millions of wild animals. In its lower reaches, the Mara River forms a wide wetland before flowing into Lake Victoria. The wetland represents a rich ecosystem providing essential services, but it is being threaten by increasing human activities. Farming, grazing, fishing and deforestation to produce charcoal and open new crops have deeply modified the riparian vegetation spatial distribution and the habitat morphology. Additionally, the construction of a new dam is planned immediately upstream of the wetland for irrigation purposes and hydropower.This work is undertaken to set up a hydro-morphodynamic model to predict the short- and long-term effects of human activities on the Mara Wetland habitat. The model will be a tool to evaluate strategies to mitigate the negative effects of the activities.The Lower Mara River is poorly gauged and only a few scattered data and observations are available. Therefore, in October - November 2017 (dry period) and May 2018 (wet period) multidisciplinary field work was conducted along a 130 km stretch of the river. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to produce high resolution orthophoto mosaics and digital elevation models of selected areas. The UAV gave topography and ground observations on vegetation type, size and distribution, and other features of unattainable areas. A sonar was used to map the bathymetry of some stretches of river and wetland. River discharge was measured on 4 locations. Bed sediments and water samples were collected from 8 spots to analyse sediment granulometry and suspended sediment concentration. Results suggest that, at wetland inlet, the river is particularly rich in suspended sediment, with measured averaged concentrations of the order of 500 mg L-1 and peaks of 2700 mg L-1. The wetland, thanks to its extent and dense vegetation cover, traps the 90% of the suspended sediments and releases clear waters to the Lake Victoria. The future placement of the dam may have a strong influence: without an adequate management, the dam solid and liquid discharge regulation may further trigger morphological changes and jeopardize the wetland ecosystem.Abstract B43I-2963 presented at 2018 Fall Meeting, AGU, Washington, D.C., 10-14 Dec. Session: B43I The Resilience of Wetland Ecosystems to Multiscale Environmental Changes PostersEnvironmental Fluid MechanicsWater Resource
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