48 research outputs found
Living green: Conference proceedings of the living green scientific conference
No full textPresentaties van Livinggreen Scientific Conference: Stimulating energy efficiency in households - Comparison of the Livinggreen.eu methods to theory – Daphne Geelen Engaging households in sustainable renovation – Exploration of a complementary approach - Meijer, S.A., Geelen, D.V., Franken, V., Kersten, W.C., Crul. M.R.M From community resilience towards urban resilience: exploring the grassroot initiatives’ role in cities - Meijer, S.A., van Timmeren, A., Crul, M.R.M., Brezet, H.C. Sense of history: capturing and utilizing immaterial values for sustainable heritage protection - Franken, V., Meijer, S.A.Design EngineeringIndustrial Design Engineerin
Sustainability in a Pressure Cooker: Platforms for Multi-Cultural Exploration in Vietnam
No full textDesign EngineeringIndustrial Design Engineerin
Ecodesign in Central America
No full textThis PhD thesis describes and analyses the change process started by the Ecodesign project in Central America, executed between 1998 and 2002. The project started using the concept and praxis developed in Europe. Nine ecodesign projects were performed in industry, and ecodesign was introduced to counterpart organisations. With these first experiences, the concept was adapted into a regional approach for Central America. The focus in this next phase was on local leadership, learning by young professionals and national network building in Costa Rica, Guatemala and El Salvador. The focus in the next industrial projects shifted towards service, sector and chain approaches. The PhD study is organised as multiple case study research, centering around the following research questions: How successful is the adoption of ecodesign in the participating companies, and what are the key factors influencing this? Is facilitation of ecodesign successful and is it locally owned? Is there sustained capacity in Central America to continue and expand ecodesign activities? On the basis of an operationalisation of 30 key research factors, the case studies are analysed in detail, and the research questions are answered. With the lessons learned, suggestions for strategic continuation are given.Design, Engineering and Productio
Carbon Dioxide Capture from Flue Gas: Development and Evaluation of Existing and Novel Process Concepts
No full textOne of the main global challenges in the years to come is to reduce the CO2 emissions in view of the apparent contribution to global warming. Carbon dioxide capture, transport, and storage (CCS) from fossil fuel fired power plants is drawing increased interest as an intermediate solution towards sustainable energy systems in the long term. However, CCS is still facing some challenges, such as large scale implementation requires high energy demands and leads to high cost. Innovation and optimization of the capture process is needed to reduce the energy requirement and to minimize the investment cost in order to make CCS viable for application in the near future. The CO2 post-combustion capture based on the absorption/desorption process with monoethanolamine (MEA) solutions, is considered as the state-of-art technology. In this thesis, the MEA process has been defined as the reference case for the purposes of comparison and benchmarking. By analysing the MEA reference case, it can be concluded that this is an energy intensive process due to the regeneration energy of the MEA solution (4 GJ/tonne CO2). For this conventional process, major energy savings can be realized by optimizing the lean solvent loading, the amine solvent concentration, as well as the stripper operating pressure. A minimum thermal energy requirement of 3.0 GJ/tonne CO2 can be obtained using a 40 wt. % MEA solution and a stripper operating pressure of 210 kPa. Significant energy and cost savings can be achieved by increasing the MEA concentration in the absorption solution. It is, however, still to be investigated if high MEA concentrations can be used due to possible corrosion and solvent degradation. Increasing the temperature (operating pressure) in the stripper will lead to a higher efficiency of the regeneration and will reduce thermal energy requirement. Moreover, a high operating pressure will reduce the cost and the energy needed for CO2 compression. The economic baseline for CO2 post-combustion capture using MEA is defined using 600 MWe coal fired power plant as a reference case and assuming 2005 as the reference year, 8% discount factor and 25 years as a project life. The process modelling results are used for providing the required input to the economic modelling. The economic evaluation for the MEA conventional process has shown that this process will lead to a cost of ~40 \u80/tonne CO2 avoided. Using the baseline techno-economic evaluation as a starting point, a parameter study for the conventional CO2 post-combustion capture process is performed. The main operating variables considered in this study were the MEA solvent concentration, the CO2 removal percentage, the solvent lean loading, and the stripper operating pressure. The economic results show a minimum CO2 avoided cost of 33 \u80/tonne CO2 with an optimized process conditions of 0.3 mol CO2/mol MEA lean solvent loading, using a 40 wt. % MEA solution and a stripper operating pressure of 210 kPa. This translates to 53 \u80/MWh cost of electricity, compared to 31 \u80/MWh for the power plant without capture. The difference in costs per tonne CO2 avoided is small for CO2 removal in the range between 80% and 95%. The CO2 post-combustion capture process overall performance is evaluated using pilot plant experimental results. Two different modelling approaches (equilibrium-stage and rate-based) are validated and compared using these large-scale pilot plant data. Equilibrium-stage and rate-based models are implemented using the commercial Aspen plus simulation tool. The study indicates that there are no major differences between the two modelling approaches in predicting the overall capture process behaviour for this pilot plant case (e.g. regeneration energy requirement, CO2 removal % and solvent rich loading). Hence an equilibrium-stage model was preferred as the basis for over-all process modelling and benchmarking different capture solvents in view of its lesser complexity. The rate-based model, however, did yield more accurate predictions of the temperature profiles and mass transfer inside the columns. As a result, for a detailed process design or understanding of the mass and energy profiles in the absorber and stripper columns, the rate-based approach should be applied. The Hypogen concept (electricity generation with co-production of hydrogen) is considered one of the future energy options. This option will facilitate the use of a clean source of energy (hydrogen) for purposes like transportation and heating. This concept is based on the use of syngas for power production with CO2 post-combustion capture incorporating the possibility of co-production of hydrogen (5-10% of the total syngas). In this concept, hydrogen is produced and purified in two different methods. The first method is based on increasing hydrogen content using the water gas shift reaction, followed by the separation of hydrogen from CO2 using a high-pressure absorber. This absorber column is integrated with the ambient post-combustion capture process. The second method is based on the separation of hydrogen from syngas using polymeric membranes. In both options, the hydrogen will be further purified using a pressure swing adsorption system. Both options are feasible with an overall CO2 capture cost comparable to the conventional post-combustion capture process. However, there are some limitations in the hydrogen purity using polymeric membranes. The advantage of the high-pressure absorber is more obvious if an advanced solvent, like the sterically hindered 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), is used instead of a conventional solvent like MEA. Increasing the CO2 content in the flue gas is investigated by recycling the flue gas over the gas turbine. The flue gas recycle is beneficial for the overall capture process behaviour. The total flue gas flow rate is reduced with increasing flue gas recycle ratio. This reduction in the flue gas flow rate results in a smaller absorber column. The capital investment, the cost of electricity and cost of CO2 avoided are reduced with increasing the flue gas recycle ratio. There is a marginal effect of the flue gas recycle on the solvent regeneration energy using the conventional MEA solvent. This is due to the limitation in MEA solvent capacity. Moreover, the effect of the flue gas recycle on the energy requirement and the overall cost is more significant using a different solvent with higher loading capacity (e.g. AMP). As has been observed out of the MEA conventional process analysis, the desorption energy requirement is a significant burden for large-scale applications. To overcome the high-energy demand and to increase the operational flexibility, a new process concept is investigated. This process concept is based on dividing the CO2 capture process into a bulk removal step and a deep removal step using two different solvent/systems. This two-step concept is evaluated for two different cases. Both cases are based on the use of MEA in the first step. In the second step, either AMP solution or coal/activated carbon is used for the removal of the remaining CO2. The results show that the removal of CO2 using coal or activated carbon is not advantageous due to the large quantity of coal/activated carbon needed. On the hand, the use of the two-chemical solvent has shown potential for possible process improvement. The overall energy requirements for the two-solvent concept can be reduced by 16 % as compared to the MEA reference case. Due to the higher capital costs, the overall cost of carbon dioxide avoided in the 2-step concept increases by 13 %. Still, increasing the capture process flexibility can be an advantage of the 2-step concept. This flexibility allows the application of different operating conditions and/or process systems in the different absorption-desorption units. One of the benefits can be the use of waste heat for regeneration, by operating one of the desorbers at lower temperature. From the analysis of the post-combustion capture process that has been done in this thesis, it is evident that to achieve significant reduction of the capture process cost, multiple process parameters need to be improved. For future development of the CO2 post-combustion capture process, it would be beneficial to direct the solvent development research towards solvents systems, which have lower reaction enthalpy and higher capacity. A significant improvement can be obtained by the development of solvent systems where the solvent is regenerated at higher pressure. In addition, smart process improvement and integration are required to achieve a reasonable cost reduction. Flue gas recycle over the gas turbine can contribute by reducing the overall capital investment. Splitting the capture process and/or combining it with co-production of hydrogen can be an extra economic parameter in the overall process optimization. It can be expected that by improving the process design and the solvent, implementation of post combustion capture on larger scale will be possible in the near future.Process and EnergyMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Promoting academia-industry cooperation for innovation
No full textInnovation and Innovation Management are essential instruments and methodologies to manage the changes that society and its productive sector are facing in order to find the right balance between competitiveness, trade demands, social equity and sustainable development. A clear role in this can be played by the local universities and by an international network of higher education institutions. The EU/Tempus UNCHAIN project proposal takes its origin from an initiative started in 2007 by the Rectors of three European Universities (Delft University of Technology, Graz University of Technology, and the Politecnico di Milano) aiming at establishing a “Global Network of University Chairs on Innovation”. The overall objective of the UNCHAIN project is to bridge the gap between the innovation needs of industry and the supply of universities, in terms of human resources and technologies, by establishing a “University Chair on Innovation”. At 6 universities in the east and south Mediterranean region (the MEDA region), SEKEM and Cairo University in Egypt, Hassan II in Morocco, Aleppo in Syria, S. Joseph in Lebanon and Sfax in Tunesia, specific problems and obstacles facing innovation and the universityindustry relation have been analysed. In each of the universities a Chair on Innovation has been established in 2009. This Chair, together with the international partners, is responsible for developing Technology Transfer Policy, initiating a re-skilling program on Innovation, development of an EU-MEDA Twinning MSc Thesis Program, and development of an EUMEDA Virtual Environment and Strategy for University-Industry Cooperation in Innovation. This paper describes the challenges and results of this project.Industrial Design Engineerin
Sustainable Food by Design: Co-design and Sustainable Consumption Among the Urban Middle Class of Vietnam
No full textGrowing unsustainable consumption in Vietnam is a pressing issue, especially in urban areas. The effects of rapid economic growth, industrialization and increasing wealth in combination with a young, growing population makes that the middle class of Vietnam is on the rise. This movement within the population is making room to form and introduce new consumption patterns; patterns that are both sustainable as well as adapted to the improving living standards.This thesis points out that food is the most promising category to start building these new consumption patterns from. In Vietnam both consumers and producers are looking for ways to make their practices sustainable. Design can help building and giving form to new behaviour patterns, products and services. However, creating more trust and understanding between the Vietnamese food consumers and producers is essential. Co-design specifically could enable the creation of trust and understanding as well as create a learning environment; ultimately leading to a better adapted, more attractive and sustainable food system in Vietnam
Future living studio: Socio-technical experiments in sustainable design
No full textLocal creative community and design engineers are key stakeholders in initiating a local discourse on sustainability that includes considerations of production and consumption issues. The role of designers is increasingly changing to that of a strategic or facilitator role. Aligned with this global development, we developed Future Living Studio (FLS) as a platform for intercultural exchange to influence strategic design input on sustainable design and production issues for Vietnamese companies branded products. FLS is a series of 3-month design collaborations between local and foreign designers developed in Vietnam to promote reciprocal learning on sustainability through a studio approach. Vietnamese designers (during each studio, respectively), external designers, and local companies collaborated, in a learning-by-doing process. The collaborations’ design visions and product concepts embody aspects of the learning process. In this paper, we reflect on the first two editions of FLS, developed through an action research approach. Between the iterations we experimented with the different stakeholders involved and project framing. Training curriculum and developed facilitation tools aimed at improving collaboration processes based on our experience from the first studio. The aim of this study is to investigate how design can support learning processes to improve international design collaborations in Vietnam. We compare evidence for first and second order learning within the two studios with a focus on the Vietnamese designers involved. We found that learning was improved with the second iteration. The results suggest that designing with first and second-order learning in mind is a promising approach for introducing sustainable design in Vietnam. Focusing on valorizing and representing knowledge of stakeholders involved supports learning and the collaboration processes. A learning approach creates a better foundation to potentially take the next step towards a longer-term transition to sustainability, which relies on local context and knowledge to pursue inclusion into lasting global discourse and processes.Design EngineeringIndustrial Design Engineerin
Some inner product techniques for computing eigenvalues for three-dimensional anharmonic oscillators with quartic and sextic perturbations
No full textAbstractAn algorithm previously used by the author for calculating the energy eigenvalues for a three-dimensional oscillator with limited range of perturbation parameters, eigenstates and accuracy is revisited and implemented in a more effective way to give excellent accuracy even for higher values of λ and ψnx, ny, nz(x,y,z). Fifty coefficients of renormalized perturbation series are calculated, in contrast to the previous works which were limited to 20 coefficients of the perturbation series due to computational facilities. Some of the results calculated by the inner product technique are compared with results produced by other techniques
Partnerships for sustainable design in Vietnam: Leveraging culture and design
No full textThis paper discusses need and relevance of new local-global collaborations for sustainable design. Future Living Studio is a case study that explores how to enable cross-cultural collaboration in Vietnam towards addressing sustainable design and production issues. This paper presents the first empirical results of a diary study supplemented by observations to examine the strengths and opportunities relative design and cultural positionalities bring to cross-cultural teams. A facilitated approach focused on supporting positive team dynamics is proposed as a way to improve knowledge exchange by explicitly building in mechanisms to promote equality, mutual learning, respect, inclusivity and reflexivity so that process and result can be negotiated, inclusive and emergent.Design EngineeringIndustrial Design Engineerin
Low Prevalence Of Reactive Ppd Prior To Infliximab Use: Comparative Study On A Population Sample Of Hospital Geral De Fortaleza
No full textObjective: To identify tuberculosis infection in rheumatic patients on infliximab by use of PPD testing prior to immunobiologic therapy. Methods: This study comprised 157 patients undergoing infliximab treatment and 734 other patients undergoing laboratory screening for tuberculosis infection originating from several services. The Mantoux technique was used for PPD testing, and an induration of at least 5 mm was considered reactive status. Results: In the infliximab group, 13% of the patients reacted to PPD, while, in the other group, 27% of the patients reacted to PPD (χ2 = 13; P = 0.0003). These patients were divided into categories: adults with chronic diseases, PPD reactivity of 22%; and other controls, PPD reactivity of 31%. This shows the heterogeneous response of that population (χ2 = 7; P < 0.009). In the infliximab group, subdivided according to pathologies [rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriatic arthritis (PA)], different reactivity rates were observed, the lowest value occurring among RA patients: (RA x AS: OR = 0.13; CI: 0.03-0.47; χ2 = 12; P = 0.0004) and (RA × PA: OR = 0.16; CI: 0.02-1.04; χ2Yates corrected = 3.6; P = 0.05). The PPD reactivity in the RA subgroup (4%) was also lower as compared with that of the chronic patients group (22%) (OR = 0.16; CI: 0.05-0.49; χ2 = 14; P = 0.0002), even when reclassified into four subgroups: rheumatology (OR = 0.19; CI: 0.04-0.72), kidney transplantation (OR = 0.16; CI: 0.05-0.51), infectology (OR = 0.21; CI: 0.05-0.75), and other conditions (OR = 0.13; CI: 0.04-0.44). Conclusion: The low prevalence of PPD reaction in this Brazilian population, mainly in chronic patients, with the worst performance among RA patients, shwoed that the test has limited value for diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in candidates to infliximab therapy. © Elsevier Editora Ltda.5114052Keane, J., TNF-Blocking agents and tuberculosis: New drugs illuminate an old topic (2005) Rheumatology, 44, pp. 714-720Wallis, R.S., Broder, M.S., Wong, J.Y., Hanson, M.E., Beenhouwer, D.O., Granulomatosis infectious diseases associated with tumor necrosis factor antagonists (2004) Clin Infect Dis, 38, pp. 1261-1265Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia. 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Guia para o diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção da tuberculose, Acessado em 26 de outubro de 2009Rangel-Frausto, M.S., Ponce-De-León-Rosales, S., Martinez-Abaroa, C., Haslov, K., Tuberculosis and tuberculin quality: Best intentions, misleading results (2001) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 22 (8), pp. 481-484Teixeira, L., Maciel, E., Dutra, M.E., Perkins, M.D., Johnson, J.L., do Valle Dettoni, V., Simultaneous comparison of reactivity to purified protein derivative RT-23 and Tubersol in health care workers in Vitória, Brazil (2000) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 4 (11), pp. 1074-1077Muñoz-Barret, J.M., Macías-Hernández, A.E., Hernández-Ramos, I., Durán-Martínez, E., Martínez-Magdaleno, R.M., Medina-Valdovinos, H., Comparative tuberculin reactivity to two protein derivatives (1996) Rev Invest Clin, 48 (5), pp. 377-381Keane, J., Gershon, S., Wise, R.P., Mirabile-Levens, E., Kasznica, J., Schwieterman, W.D., Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent (2001) N Engl J Med, 345 (15), pp. 1098-1104Criscione, L.G., Clair, E.W., Tumor necrosis factor-alfa antagonists for the treatment of rheumatic diseases (2002) Curr Opin Rheumatol, 14, pp. 204-211Gomez-Reino, J.J., Carmona, L., Valverde, V.R., Mola, E.M., Montero, M.D., Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with tumor necrosis factor inibitors may predispose to significant increase in tuberculosis risk: A multi center active-surveillance report (2003) Arthritis Rheum, 48, pp. 2122-2127Ministério Da Saúde - Programa Nacional De Controle Da Tuberculose, , http://portal.saude.gov.br/portal/saude/visualizar_texto.cfm?idtxt=28055, Acessado em 07 de outubro de 2009Filho, A.C., Kritski, A.L., Barreto, A.W., Lemos, A.C.M., Netto, A.R., Guimarães, C.A., II Consenso Brasileiro de Tuberculose. Diretrizes Brasileiras para Tuberculose (2004) J Bras Pneumol, 30 (1), pp. 1-55Façanha, M.C., Guerreiro, M.F.F., Pinheiro, A.C., Costa Lima, J.R., Vale, R.L.V., Teixeira, G.F.D., Resgate de casos subnotifcados de tuberculose em Fortaleza-CE, 2000-2002 (2003) Bol Pneumol Sanit, 11 (2), pp. 13-16Marques, C.D.L., Duarte, A.L.B.P., Lorena, V.M.B., Souza, J.R., Souza, W., Gomes, Y.M., Resposta atenuada ao PPD no diagnóstico de infecção tuberculosa latente em pacientes com artrite reumatóide (2009) Rev Bras Reumatol, 49 (2), pp. 121-125Cattamanchi, A., Dantes, R.B., Metcalfe, J.Z., Jarlsberg, L.G., Grinsdale, J., Kawamura, L.M., Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with isoniazid-monoresistant tuberculosis (2009) Clin Infect Dis, 48 (2), pp. 179-185Jain, A., Dixit, P., Multidrug-resistant to extensively drug resistant tuberculosis: What is next? (2008) J Biosci, 33 (4), pp. 605-616Braga, J.U., Equivalência das Reações cutâneas do PPD entre dois produtos comercializados no Brasil (2000) Informe Epidemiológico Do SUS, , http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/periodicos/informe_epi_sus_v09_n3.pdf, Acessado em 22 de outubro de 2009Teixeira, L., Maciel, E., Dutra, M.E., Perkins, M.D., Johnson, J.L., do Valle Dettoni, V., Simultaneous comparison of reactivity to purified protein derivative RT-23 and Tubersol in health care workers in Vitória, Brazil (2000) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 4 (11), pp. 1074-1077Muñoz-Barret, J.M., Macías-Hernández, A.E., Hernández-Ramos, I., Durán-Martínez, E., Martínez-Magdaleno, R.M., Medina-Valdovinos, H., Comparative tuberculin reactivity to two protein derivatives (1996) Rev Invest Clin, 48 (5), pp. 377-381Alonso Moreno, F.J., García Bajo, M.C., Lougedo Calderón, M.J., Comas Samper, J.M., García Palencia, M., de Castro, F.L., Prevalence of tuberculosis infection among immigrants in the Toledo Health District, Spain (2004) Rev Esp Salud Publica, 78 (5), pp. 593-600Ostrosky-Zeichner, L., Rangel-Frausto, M.S., García-Romero, E., Vázquez, A., Ibarra, M.J., de León-Rosales, S.P., Tuberculosis in health personnel: Importance of surveillance and control programs (2000) Salud Publica Mex, 42 (1), pp. 48-52Kunins, H.V., Howard, A.A., Klein, R.S., Arnsten, J.H., Litwin, A.H., Schoenbaum, E.E., Validity of a self-reported history of a positive tuberculin skin test. A prospective study of drug users (2004) J Gen Intern Med, 19 (10), pp. 1039-1044Linquist, J.A., Rosaia, C.M., Riemer, B., Heckman, K., Alvarez, F., Tuberculosis exposure of patients and staff in an outpatient hemodialysis unit (2002) Am J Infect Control, 30 (5), pp. 307-310Poduval, R.D., Hammes, M.D., Tuberculosis screening in dialysis patients is the tuberculin test effective? (2003) Clin Nephrol, 59 (6), pp. 436-440Wauters, A., Peetermans, W.E., Van den Brande, P., de Moor, B., Evenepoel, P., Keuleers, H., The value of tuberculin skin testing in haemodialysis patients (2004) Nephrol Dial Transplant, 19 (2), pp. 433-438Sester, M., Sester, U., Clauer, P., Heine, G., Mack, U., Moll, T., Tuberculin skin testing underestimates a high prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in hemodialysis patients (2004) Kidney Int, 65 (5), pp. 1826-1834Habesoglu, M.A., Torun, D., Demiroglu, Y.Z., Karatasli, M., Sen, N., Ermis, H., Value of the tuberculin skin test in screening for tuberculosis in dialysis patients (2007) Transplant Proc, 39 (4), pp. 883-886Laurindo, I.M.M., Seiscento, M., Bombardia, S., Souza, T.N.L., Eluf Neto, J., Radu, A.S., Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients: Tuberculin test (PPD) assessment. EULAR (2004) Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Aspects [THU0235], , http://www.abstracts2view.com/eular/sessionindex.php?session=2004374&day=2004, Acessado em 27 de janeiro de 2010Ehrenstein, M.R., Evans, J.G., Singh, A., Moore, S., Warnes, G., Isenberg, D.A., Mauri, C., Compromised Function of Regulatory T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Reversal by Anti-TNF-α Therapy (2004) J Exp Med, 200, pp. 277-285Martins, M., Lima, M., Duppre, N., Matos, H., Spencer, J., Brennan, P., The level of PPD-specifc INF- γ-producing CD4+ T cells in the blood predicts the in vivo response to PPD (2006) Tuberculosis, 87 (3), pp. 202-211Andrade, T.C.B., Maia, R.M., Cosgrove, C., Castelo Branco, L.R.R., BCG Moreau Rio de Janeiro - An oral vaccine aginst tuberculosis - Review (2005) Men Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 100 (5), pp. 459-465Maciel, E.L.N., Viana, M.C., Zeitoune, R.C.G., Ferreira, I., Fregona, G., Dietze, R., Prevalence and incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in nursing students in Vitória, Espírito Santo (2005) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 38 (6), pp. 469-472Pilsczek, F.H., Kaufmann, S.H.E., Prevalence and predictors of positive tuberculin skin test results in a research laboratory (2008) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 41 (4), pp. 416-418Ponce de León, D., Acevedo-Vásquez, E., Sánchez-Torres, A., Cucho, M., Alfaro, J., Perich, R., Attenuated response to purifed protein derivate in patients with rheumatoid artritis: Study in a population with high prevalence of tuberculosis (2005) Ann Rheum Dis, 64, pp. 1360-1361Köker, I.H., Pamuk, A.-N., Karlikaya, N., Tunçbilek, N., Cakir, N., A low prevalence of purifed protein derivative test positivity in Turkish patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Association with clinical features and HRCT fndings (2007) Clin Exp Rheumatol, 25 (1), pp. 54-59Maciel, E.L.N., Meireles, W., Silva, A.P., Fiorotti, K., Dietze, R., Transmissão nosocomial por Mycobacterium tuberculosis nos estudantes da área de saúde em uma região de alta incidência de tuberculose, Vitória, Estado do Espírito Santo (2007) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 40 (4), pp. 397-39
