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Avaliação da produção de óxido nítrico, citocinas e expressão de receptores Toll em leucócitos do sangue periférico de pacientes com reações hansênicas e formas clínicas da hanseníase
No full textFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar biomarcadores associados com as
distintas formas/manifestações da hanseníase. Características fenotípicas
(TLR2; TLR4; HLA-DR) e funcionais (NO-DAF-2T; IL-8;TNF-α; IL-4; IL-10;TGF-
β) da imunidade inata (Neutrofilos-NEU; Monocitos-MON) e adaptiva (CD4+;
CD8+T-cells) foram avaliadas ex vivo e sob estímulo de M. leprae in vitro (*). A
população do estudo incluiu indivíduos com as forma Tuberculóide (DD/DT/T);
Virchowiano (DV/V); reação hansênica Tipo-1; reação hansênica Tipo-2 e
indivíduos saudáveis controle (NI). A análise dos dados demonstrou que
independente da forma clínica, pacientes com hanseníase apresentaram baixo
NEU TLR4+ e MON TGF-β+, enquanto DV/V apresentou alto MON HLA-DR+.
Ambos DD/DT/T e DV/V apresentou aumento de CD4+IL-10+, mas não
somente DV/V apresentou aumento de CD8+TLR2+ e IL-10. Pacientes com
reação Tipo-1 exibiram, no geral, uma baixa na regulação de TLR na
imunidade inata e adaptativa (NEU: MON TLR2+ e NEU: CD4+TLR4+). Foi
observada uma alta regulação de CD4+: CD8+IL-10+ nos indivíduos com reação
hansênica, mas somente pacientes com reação do Tipo-2 mostrou aumento em
MON IL-10+. Assinaturas de biomarcadores específicos para M. leprae (*)
revelaram uma expansão das características fenotípicas e funcionais nos
pacientes com hanseníase com aumento de *MON NO-DAF-2T+ em DD/DT/T e
alta regulação de *NEU TLR2+ e *CD8+IL-10+ em DV/V. Foi evidenciado
diminuição na expressão dos principais biomarcadores dos pacientes com
reação hansênica particularmente na imunidade adaptativa. Um resumo dos
dados trabalhados indicou que MON IL-10+ e *NEU TLR4+ podem ser
considerados como biomarcadores universais da hanseníase juntamente com
MON TGF-β+; *MON TNF-α+; *CD4+TGF-β+; *CD8+TLR2+; *CD8+TNF-α+;
*CD8+IL-4+; *CD8+TGF-β+ como um ensaio clínico relacionado com as
características da hanseníase e *CD4+ como biomarcadores de reação
hansênica. MON HLA-DR+; *CD8+IL-10+ foram biomarcadores polo seletivo
para DV/V, NEU TLR2+; NEU TLR4+; CD4+TLR4+; *NEU NO-DAF-2T+; *MON
TLR2+; *MON HLA-DR+; *CD4+TLR2+; *CD4+TLR4+; *CD8+ para reação
hansênica Tipo-1 e MONIL-10+; *CD8+IL-8+ para Tipo-2. Em conclusão, este
estudo mostrou a existência de diferenças em marcadores imunológicas entre
as formas/manifestações da hanseníase que poderão ser futuramente
aplicados como biomarcadores para estudos clínicos.The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers associated with distinct clinical
forms/manifestations of leprosy. Phenotypic (TLR2;TLR4;HLA-DR) and fuctional
features (NO-DAF-2T;IL-8;TNF-α;IL-4;IL-10;TGF-β) of innate (Neutrophils-
NEU;Monocytes-MON) and adaptive (CD4+;CD8+T-cells) immunity were
evaluated at ex vivo and upon M. leprae stimuli in vitro (*). Study population
included tuberculoid-(BB/BT/T); lepromatous-(BL/L); Type-1; Type-2 and
healthy controls-(NI). Data analysis demonstrated that regardless of clinical
forms, leprosy patients presented lower NEUTLR4+ and MONTGF-β+, while
BL/L displayed higher MONHLA-DR+. Both BB/BT/T and BL/L showed
enhanced CD4+IL-10+, but only BL/L presented increased CD8+TLR2+ and IL-
10. Type-1 patients displayed an overall downregulation of TLR in
innate/adaptive immunity (NEU:MONTLR2+ and NEU:CD4+TLR4+). An overall
upregulation of CD4+:CD8+IL-10+ was observed in leprosy reactions, but only
Type-2 patients displayed enhanced MONIL-10+. M. leprae-specific (*)
biomarker signatures revealed an expansion of phenotypic and functional
features in leprosy patients with enhanced *MONNO-DAF-2T+ in BB/BT/T and
upregulation of *NEUTLR2+ and *CD8+IL-10+ in BL/L. Evident was the
shrinkage of most biomarkers in leprosy reaction patients particularly in the
adaptive immunity. A summary of data mining indicated MONIL-10+ and
*NEUTLR4+ as universal leprosy biomarkers along with MONTGF-
β+;*MONTNF-α+;*CD4+TGF-β+;*CD8+TLR2+;*CD8+TNF-α+;*CD8+IL-
4+;*CD8+TGF-β+ as clinical-related leprosy features and *CD4+ as leprosy
reaction biomarker. MONHLA-DR+;*CD8+IL-10+ were pole-selective
biomarkers for BL/L, NEUTLR2+;NEUTLR4+;CD4+TLR4+;*NEUNO-DAF-
2T+;*MONTLR2+;*MONHLA-DR+;*CD4+TLR2+;*CD4+TLR4+; *CD8+ for
Type-1 and MONIL-10+;*CD8+IL-8+ for Type-2. In conclusion, this study
provided insights into the immunological features of leprosy
forms/manifestations applicable as novel biomarkers for clinical studies
Própolis verde e vermelha : atividade antifúngica.
No full textPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição. Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.A candidíase é uma infecção fúngica causada por espécies do gênero Candida,
potencialmente patogênicas, que vem acometendo muitos indivíduos devido ao
crescente número de imunossuprimidos e à resistência aos antifúngicos comumente
utilizados. Este estudo foi desenvolvido no intuito de gerar conhecimento que possa
auxiliar na busca de alternativas para o tratamento de infecções fúngicas. O principal
objetivo foi avaliar in vitro e in vivo a atividade de extratos de própolis verde e
própolis vermelha contra espécies do gênero Candida spp. No teste in vitro, utilizouse cepas padronizadas American Type Culture Collection (ATCC): C. albicans ATCC
SC5314 e ATCC 18804, C. tropicalis ATCC 750, C. krusei ATCC 20298, C. glabrata
ATCC 2001 e C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, e 10 isolados clínicos pertencentes à
Coleção de microorganismos e Células da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Foi determinada a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM)
de extrato de própolis verde e vermelha e cápsulas comerciais de própolis verde.
Verificou-se a ação sinérgica de quatro extratos de própolis com fluconazol e com
anfotericina B. do crescimento C. albicans pelas própolis na adesão de células
bucais. Já a ação das própolis in vivo foi avaliada no ensaio de sobrevivência com
as larvas de Tenebrio molitor. Nos resultados in vitro, observou-se que todos os
extratos foram capazes de inibir ao menos uma das cepas testadas, se destacando
os extratos de própolis vermelho a 25% e de própolis verde a 100% na inibição do
crescimento de todas as Candidas padrões testadas, suas concentrações variaram
de 125µg/mL a 1000µg/mL e 500µg/mL a 2000µg/mL, respectivamente. Foi também
comprovado in vitro que as própolis possuem atividade sinérgica tanto com
anfotericina B como com fluconazol. Nos resultados dos Testes de Adesão de
Células Epiteliais Bucais, verificou-se inibição dos extratos GrProp50, GrProp28,
GrProp100, RedProp25 (42,60,62 e 80%respectivamente, sendo esses resultados
estatisticamente similar à inibição da anfotericina B (p>0,05). Já em relação à
sobrevivência com as própolis testadas demonstraram ser eficazes no tratamento de
larvas de Tenebrio molitor, aumentando sua sobrevida. Esses resultados mostraram
que tanto a própolis verde quanto a vermelha possuem grandes chances de ser
empregado em tratamento de candidíase, devido à ação antifúngica isolada ou
sinérgica com outras drogas antifúngicas.Candidiasis is a disease caused by pathogenic species of the genus Candida. This
disease is of high incidence due to the increasing number of immunosuppressed
people and the resistance of these fungi to the commonly used antifungals. The
objective of this study was to generate knowledge that may help the treatment of
fungal infections. For this, in vitro and in vivo evaluations of the properties of extracts
of green propolis and of red propolis were carried out against species of the genus
Candida. The following strains: C. albicans ATCC SC5314, C. albicans ATCC 18804,
C. tropicalis ATCC 750, C. krusei ATCC 20298, C. glabrata ATCC 2001, C.
parapsilosis ATCC 22019, and also 10 clinical isolates were used in the in vitro
experiments. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the green propolis
extract and the red propolis and the commercial green propolis capsules were
determined. A promising in vitro synergistic action of four extracts of propolis with the
antifungal agents fluconazole and amphotericin B was observed. The action of green
propolis (Red or both?) was also verified in relation to the adhesion of oral cells. The
action of the two types of propoliswas evaluated in vivo using the Tenebrio molitor
larval survival assay. The extracts of 25% red propolis and 100% green propolis
stood out in relation to the inhibition of the growth of all tested Candida standards,
with concentrations varying from 125.0 to 1000.0 μg/mL and 500μg/mL to 2000μg /
mL, respectively. In relation to inhibition of growth of all tested Candida standards
(ATCC), the best results were found for extracts of 25% red propolis (125 to 1000
μg/mL) and 100% green propolis (500 to 2000 µg/mL). It has been proven that in
vitro the propolis acts synergistically with both amphotericin B and fluconazole.
Similar inhibition of amphotericin B (p> 0.05) was also seen of C. albicans growth by
propolis in the adhesion of buccal cells. Regarding the survival with the propolis
tested, they were shown to be effective in the treatment of Tenebrio molitor larva e,
increasing their survival. Due to the antifungal action alone or synergistically with
antifungal drugs the results showed that both red propolis and green propolis have
great potential to be used in the treatment of candidiasis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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