16 research outputs found
A Multivariate Surface-Based Analysis of the Putamen in Premature Newborns: Regional Differences within the Ventral Striatum
No full textMany children born preterm exhibit frontal executive dysfunction, behavioral problems including attentional deficit/hyperactivity disorder and attention related learning disabilities. Anomalies in regional specificity of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits may underlie deficits in these disorders. Nonspecific volumetric deficits of striatal structures have been documented in these subjects, but little is known about surface deformation in these structures. For the first time, here we found regional surface morphological differences in the preterm neonatal ventral striatum. We performed regional group comparisons of the surface anatomy of the striatum (putamen and globus pallidus) between 17 preterm and 19 term-born neonates at term-equivalent age. We reconstructed striatal surfaces from manually segmented brain magnetic resonance images and analyzed them using our in-house conformal mapping program. All surfaces were registered to a template with a new surface fluid registration method. Vertex-based statistical comparisons between the two groups were performed via four methods: univariate and multivariate tensor-based morphometry, the commonly used medial axis distance, and a combination of the last two statistics. We found statistically significant differences in regional morphology between the two groups that are consistent across statistics, but more extensive for multivariate measures. Differences were localized to the ventral aspect of the striatum. In particular, we found abnormalities in the preterm anterior/inferior putamen, which is interconnected with the medial orbital/prefrontal cortex and the midline thalamic nuclei including the medial dorsal nucleus and pulvinar. These findings support the hypothesis that the ventral striatum is vulnerable, within the cortico-stiato-thalamo-cortical neural circuitry, which may underlie the risk for long-term development of frontal executive dysfunction, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and attention-related learning disabilities in preterm neonates. © 2013 Shi et al
Book reviews
No full textAuthor: ROSEN, PAUL, Framing Production: Technology, Culture and Change in the British Bicycle Industry; Author: SHEAIL, JOHN, An Environmental History of Twentieth-Century Britain; Author: MORT, MAGGIE, Building the Trident Network: A Study of the Enrollment of People, Knowledge and Machines; Author: ACKRILL, MARGARET and HANNAH, LESLIE, Barclays: The Business of Banking, 1690-1996; Author: SYMEONIDIS, GEORGE, The Effects of Competition: Cartel Policy and the Evolution of Strategy and Structure in British Industry; Editors: ARMSTRONG, JOHN and KUNZ, ANDREAS, Coastal Shipping and the European Economy, 1750-1980; Author: VEENENDAAL, Jr., AUGUSTUS J., Railways in the Netherlands: A Brief History, 1834- 1994; PETERI, GYORGY, Global Monetary Regime and National Banking: The Case of Hungary, 1921-1929; SMITH, ROBERT J., The Bouchayers of Grenoble and French Industrial Enterprise, 1850-1970; Editors: GUSTAFSSON, KARL ERIK and RYDEN. PER, Den svenska pressens historia III. Det moderna Sveriges spegel (1897-1945); Author: FEDERSPIEL, S�REN, Dynamikken Bag Energien: Det �stdanske Produktions- Og Trasmissionssamarbejde 1960-2000; Author: SISKIND, JANET, Rum and Axes: The Rise of a Connecticut Merchant Family, 1795-1850; Authors: FARRELL-BECK, JANE and GAU, COLLEEN, Uplift: The Bra in America; Author: DRACHMAN, VIRGINIA G., Enterprising Women: 250 Years of American Business; Author: RUBENSTEIN, JAMES M., Making and Selling Cars: Innovation and Change in the US Automotive Industry; ENDLICH, LISA, Goldman Sachs: The Culture of Success; Editor: AUSTIN, BARBARA, Capitalizing Knowledge: Essays on the History of Business Education in Canada; Author: GUPTA, ASHIN DAS, The World of the Indian Ocean Merchant, 1500-1800: Collected Essays; Editors: ROWLEY, CHRIS, SOHN, TAE-WON and BAE, JONGSEOK, Managing Korean Business: Organization, Culture, Human Resources and Change; Author: TAMAKI, NORIO, Yukichi Fukuzawa, 1835- 1901: The Spirit of Enterprise in Modern Japan; Author: BOYCE, GORDON and VILLE, SIMON, The Development of Modern Business; Editors: LYNSKEY, MICHAEL J. and YONEKURA, SEIICHIRO, Entrepreneurship and Organization: The Role of the Entrepreneur in Organizational Innovation; Editors: HODGSON, GEOFFREY M., YOKOKAWA, MAKOTO ITOH and NOBUHARU, Capitalism in Evolution: Global Contentions - East and West; Editors: ARMITAGE, DAVID and BRADDICK, MICHAEL J., The British Atlantic World, 1500-1800; Author: TORAL, PABLO, The Reconquest of the New World: Multinational Enterprises and Spain's Direct Investment in Latin America
A strategic demonstration of loyalty in late Stuart England: The case of the Hallamshire cutlers
No full textHistorians of the English revolutions of the seventeenth century (notably Michael Braddick and John Walter) have observed that the social, political and religious fissures of the period were revealed as much through gesture and speech as through the much-noted explosion of printed polemic. This article explores what may seem an unlikely arena in which to encounter such transgressive behaviour: the political theatre surrounding the presentation of loyal or humble addresses to the Crown. Addresses, as often formulaic public declarations of fidelity, were frequently derided as mere flattery. This impression was reinforced through the highly ritualised act of physically presenting these texts to the monarch, as the addressers engaged in embodied displays of submissiveness. This literally 'humbling' performance, however, could conceal a more subversive intent. Using the case study of the addressing activity of the Yorkshire baronet, Sir John Reresby, the article will show that addressing was often employed as means of lobbying the political centre. The public expressions of loyalty contained within these texts often concealed the pragmatic aims of the communities which produced them.© 2019, Armand Colin. The attached document (embargoed until 01/03/2021) is an author produced version of a paper published in HISTOIRE, ÉCONOMIE & SOCIÉTÉ uploaded in accordance with the publisher’s self- archiving policy. The final published version (version of record) is available online at the link below. Some minor differences between this version and the final published version may remain. We suggest you refer to the final published version should you wish to cite from it
A strategic demonstration of loyalty in late Stuart England: The case of the Hallamshire cutlers
No full textHistorians of the English revolutions of the seventeenth century (notably Michael Braddick and John Walter) have observed that the social, political and religious fissures of the period were revealed as much through gesture and speech as through the much-noted explosion of printed polemic. This article explores what may seem an unlikely arena in which to encounter such transgressive behaviour: the political theatre surrounding the presentation of loyal or humble addresses to the Crown. Addresses, as often formulaic public declarations of fidelity, were frequently derided as mere flattery. This impression was reinforced through the highly ritualised act of physically presenting these texts to the monarch, as the addressers engaged in embodied displays of submissiveness. This literally 'humbling' performance, however, could conceal a more subversive intent. Using the case study of the addressing activity of the Yorkshire baronet, Sir John Reresby, the article will show that addressing was often employed as means of lobbying the political centre. The public expressions of loyalty contained within these texts often concealed the pragmatic aims of the communities which produced them.© 2019, Armand Colin. The attached document (embargoed until 01/03/2021) is an author produced version of a paper published in HISTOIRE, ÉCONOMIE & SOCIÉTÉ uploaded in accordance with the publisher’s self- archiving policy. The final published version (version of record) is available online at the link below. Some minor differences between this version and the final published version may remain. We suggest you refer to the final published version should you wish to cite from it
Impaired perception of facial motion in autism spectrum disorder
No full textCopyright: © 2014 O’Brien et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.Facial motion is a special type of biological motion that transmits cues for socio-emotional communication and enables the discrimination of properties such as gender and identity. We used animated average faces to examine the ability of adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to perceive facial motion. Participants completed increasingly difficult tasks involving the discrimination of (1) sequences of facial motion, (2) the identity of individuals based on their facial motion and (3) the gender of individuals. Stimuli were presented in both upright and upside-down orientations to test for the difference in inversion effects often found when comparing ASD with controls in face perception. The ASD group’s performance was impaired relative to the control group in all three tasks and unlike the control group, the individuals with ASD failed to show an inversion effect. These results point to a deficit in facial biological motion processing in people with autism, which we suggest is linked to deficits in lower level motion processing we have previously reported
The delivery and management of telephone befriending services – whose needs are being met?
No full textPurpose – This article aims to describe an evaluation of a national pilot programme of telephone support services for older people in England and Scotland and is focussed on organisational outcomes.
Design/methodology/approach – The “Call in Time Programme” was funded by the national charity Help the Aged and comprised eight telephone support projects in different locations, managed by different voluntary or charitable organisations. Researchers used semi-structured interviews and a Delphi questionnaire to obtain the views of project coordinators.
Findings – Although the projects were found to provide a much needed service for socially isolated and lonely older people, the study identified four key areas of concern: operational structure; promotion and publicity; recruitment of volunteers; referral processes. Project coordinators wanted more autonomy and the flexibility to respond to older people's needs. Projects were limited by restrictions imposed by funding bodies or services themselves.
Practical implications – Project coordinators recommended more local control over project finances, clear referral pathways linking voluntary and statutory bodies, long-term funding involving project coordinators and older people in planning and delivery, more training for project coordinators, clear record keeping and a coordinated approach to promotion and publicity.
Originality/value – While other studies have highlighted the importance of user involvement, this study provides valuable evidence demonstrating that those responsible for managing and delivering telephone support services, and service users, are instrumental in decision making and planning processes. As organisations are streamlined in efforts to increase efficiency and effectiveness, there is a need for a wider cultural change in the way supportive programmes are viewed and funded
The contribution of visual and vestibular information to spatial orientation by 6- to 14-month-old infants and adults
No full textAlthough there is much research on infants' ability to orient in space, little is known regarding the information they use to do so. This research uses a rotating room to evaluate the relative contribution of visual and vestibular information to location of a target following bodily rotation. Adults responded precisely on the basis of visual flow information. Seven-month-olds responded mostly on the basis of visual flow, whereas 9-month-olds responded mostly on the basis of vestibular information, and 12-month-olds responded mostly on the basis of visual information. Unlike adults, infants of all ages showed partial influence by both modalities. Additionally, 7-month-olds were capable of using vestibular information when there was no visual information for movement or stability, and 9-month-olds still relied on vestibular information when visual information was enhanced. These results are discussed in the context of neuroscientific evidence regarding visual-vestibular interaction, and in relation to possible changes in reliance on visual and vestibular information following acquisition of locomotion
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Becoming a man: the prescriptions of manhood and manliness in early modern England
No full textThrough analysing critically a broad range of visual, oral and written sources, this PhD thesis is centred upon identifying and exploring the prescriptions and perceptions of manhood and manliness in England during the period c.1580-c.1700. It traces shifts in emphasis of the defining characteristics of manhood across the long-seventeenth century. Moreover, the centrality of both social status and the life cycle to the edicts of manhood are raised and analysed. After an initial examination of both professional and popular understanding of biological distinctions between the two sexes, the importance placed on outward conformity to perceptions of gender difference is highlighted, providing a foundation of early modern understanding of sex differentiation, which is then built upon to realise corporeal differences within the male gender. The thesis goes on to consider the extent to which prescriptions of manhood and manliness were mutable at specific life stages, including boyhood, youth and manhood. This provides a framework for examining the plurality and changing contexts of manhood, allowing for the possibility that there were many and sometimes contradictory prescriptions of male conduct and manliness. Finally, the thesis explores the extent to which social rank impacted on the prescriptions of manhood, thus questioning the extent to which these concepts were constructed in the higher echelons of the social strata and disseminated downwards
Aspects of the history of the Catholic gentry of Yorkshire from the Pilgrimage of Grace to the First Civil War
No full textThis study looks at the responses of the Yorkshire Catholic gentry to the immense
changes to their religious landscape in the early modem period, between 1536 and
1642. It examines how they continued to adhere to the Catholic religion, despite all
attempts first to induce and then compel conformity and highlights the ways in which
they managed to survive and prosper throughout the period, demonstrating that
previously neglected groups such as women and younger sons had a crucial role to
play in this process. The overwhelming theme to their actions was one of pragmatism,
rather than the heroic and self-destructive behaviour that was much admired by earlier
historians who wanted to identify martyrs to the Catholic cause.
The areas that are to be examined reflect both public and private gentry activities. In
the public sphere the Yorkshire gentry's part in the rebellions of the Tudor and Stuart
eras are studied along with their rejection of plots. The importance of marriage as an
early modem tool for building alliances and social advancement is acknowledged and
the impact that a continuing adherence to Catholicism had on this is considered. The
gentry and the church are examined through a study of the Catholic gentry's
involvement with their local parishes, their reaction to the dissolution and their
continuing adherence to monasticism, as shown through their devotion to English
orders on the continent. To reflect the changes that were occurring in this period
Catholic involvement in education, the law and medicine are also explored showing
that the Catholic community was not isolated from the wider society. Lastly the role
of Catholic women is given specific consideration in order both to redress the
imbalance in previous studies and due to the crucial role that women played in the
continuation of the Catholic community within Yorkshire
Print Culture and Responses to Crime in Mid-Eighteenth-Century London
No full textThe historiography of eighteenth-century crime, justice, and the law is one greatly divided between the study of the administration of the law as a social history of experience and the study of crime literature as a cultural history of representation. We have little sense of the relationship between representation and response. The following thesis bridges this historiographical divide in order to assess the impact of print upon perceptions of, and responses to, crime. With a huge increase in the output of printed crime literature and significant developments in responses to crime, metropolitan London in the period 1747-1755 represents an excellent case study for investigating the relationship between representation and response. It is argued that (in addition to direct experience) contemporary perceptions of crime were heavily influenced by print. For the most part contemporaries took crime literature at face value, coming to anxious conclusions about the state of crime. At mid century, various genres of print represented crime as an especially pressing, serious, and threatening social problem, but at the same time suggested that the justice system was to some extent capable of dealing with the threat. This had a likely significant impact upon responses to crime, for the middling- and upper-classes who were the primary audience of crime literature were also the key decision makers in the justice system. Print did in many ways have an impact upon prosecutorial, policing, and punishment practices in mid-eighteenth-century London. But its influence upon responses to crime was neither uniform nor absolute. Rather, print’s impact was mediated by a number of factors, particularly the context within which contemporary responses to crime took place. By placing representation and response within the context of one another, we can better understand the nature of both
