122 research outputs found
Analysis of Homeland Security Regulations, Small Steps Forward, Giant Leaps to Go
Get PDFThis paper reviews the use of cost-benefit analysis in evaluating homeland security regulations. Until the recent use of "break-even analysis" by the Department of Homeland Security, analysis of regulations to reduce the risk of a terrorist attacks have been severely lacking. The costs were likely to be understated particularly because the costs of restrictions on immigration and of the curbing of civil liberties are omitted. Benefits were often left uncalculated leaving it impossible to meaningfully evaluate the policies being promulgated. The use of break-even analysis has improved the ability to evaluate homeland security policy. However, DHS needs to provide this information in a more consistent format in order to allow comparison of regulatory initiatives. DHS also needs to provide its own assessment of what the break-even analysis tells us about the likelihood that the benefits of their regulations outweigh their costs.
Generation of distribution routes with shorter distances and fewer vehicles using the simulated annealing algorithm
Get PDFThe vehicle routing problem (VRP) is still a persistent challenge in society, and can be considered a combinatorial optimization problem, where a fleet of delivery vehicles must satisfy the demand of customers sharing the same depot, minimizing the transport distance. The objective of this research is to propose a method to generate distribution routes that minimize both the number of vehicles used and the total distance traveled. To this end, an initial solution is used, on which the Greedy algorithm is applied, followed by the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, manipulating the exchange techniques, insertion methods, parameter adjustments within the algorithm and applying the penalty as a mechanism to avoid the excessive use of trucks or the assignment of routes that exceed the allowed capacity. The proposal was validated using four datasets, as a result, the general averages of the reduction in distance, changes and penalty cost are shown: The Greedy algorithm reduced the distance by 5.71%, in trucks to 16.57%, in penalty cost to 14.71%; then, applying the SA algorithm, a better efficiency was achieved by reducing the distance by 10.36%, 20.08% in trucks and 18.64% in penalty cost. In this way, the use of vehicles in the distribution routes is optimized, which could contribute to the reduction of vehicular traffic and the reduction of CO2 emissions, thus favoring the environment
Reflexión sobre la naturaleza de la Consulta Previa, a partir de la obra de Edwar Vargas Araujo.
Get PDFThe author essayically discusses the futility of the figure of the Previous Consultation, as expressed in the Ecuadorian and Bolivian Magna Cartas, as long as it does not produce a legal obligation on the State. It is argued that the previous consultation does nothing more than generate a "calligraphic" reference, that is, not a real political force, which puts the environment and the Amerindian eco-culture at risk by the mining and hydrocarbon companies in protected territories.El autor diserta ensayísticamente acerca de futilidad de la figura de la Consulta Previa, tal como se expresa en las Cartas Magnas ecuatoriana y boliviana, mientras ella no produzca obligación jurídica sobre el Estado. Se argumenta, junto a Edwar Vargas Araujo, que la consulta Previa no hace más que generar una referencia “caligráfica”, esto es, no de fuerza política real, lo que pone en riesgo el ambiente y la eco-cultura amerindia por parte de las empresas mineras e hidro-carburíferas en territorios protegidos
The endurance of the modernist planning paradigm: The Functional City in contemporary planning in Medellín, Colombia.
Get PDFThe Functional City principles steered the development of Latin American cities post WWII, but their influence in current urbanisation in LA has not been acknowledged or studied, due to the presumption by planners that contemporary planning operates within a very different planning paradigm to the earlier modernist one. In contrast, this paper argues that contemporary urban planning practices in Colombia are still dependent today on functionalist urbanism. Through a case study of three of the 28 approved Planes Parciales (sectorial plans) in Medellin, Colombia, based on primary data sources, I argue how the Functional City principles have been overshadowed by and formulated from a socio-economic perspective which creates discrepancies between local planners and academics regarding their application. This study contributes to a better understanding of current urbanisation patterns in Latin America. Furthermore, this study will invite reflection and public debate over questions such as: urbanization for whom/against whom and who decides
Invisible Territories: The Visibility of an Urban Crisis in Medellín
No full textDisplacement is the ‘humanitarian challenge of the 21st century’ (Serrano, 2005). Moreover, ‘new spatial consciousness is entering into public debates on such key issue as human rights, social inclusion-exclusion’ (Soja, 2010, p.15). The accelerated rates of forced displacement [worldwide] has also, forcibly exacerbated the urban growth of marginal settlements in the periphery of the cities of the Global South. This has been creating ‘mutant territories’ (CNMH, 2015) to which municipalities do not have the infrastructure and capacity to respond due to the unpredictable nature and complex character of these socio-environmental-political conflicts. It has contributed to the hypertrophy of cities through new forms of ‘forced urbanisation’ that often are not officially recognised due to their lack of ‘formality’. In Medellín, the lack of territorial and legal recognition of new marginal settlements -‘invisible territories’- has generated an argumentative dichotomy of the advantages between being visible or invisible. Furthermore, the endurance of specific (in)visibility depends on the command of dominating class(es), making visibility, a strategy of domination. Merrifield argues the impact of this domination in day-to-day life since “[e]veryday life had become at once colonized, fragmented, and politicized.” (2006, p.62). Likewise, “Invisibility is a relationship between those who have the power to see or to choose not to see, and, on the other hand, those who lack the power to demand to be seen or to protect themselves from the negative effects of imposed visibility” (Polzer and Hammond, 2008, p.421). Therefore, “invisible territories” could be described as the result of political and socio-economic forces, materialised through unjust urbanisation patterns.The formation of these ‘invisible territories’ brings to the foreground the relevance of “(in)visibility” as a concept in informal urbanisation discourses worldwide. Thus, in this chapter, a reflection on the etymological “use-value” of the concept in context of marginality and conflict is presented, drawing on empirical and theoretical research in Colombia, forming a critical analysis of the concept in emerging urbanisms in the Global South. One of the central inquiries of this chapter is to understand the systematic formation of marginal settlements resulting from forcibly displacement-resettlement. For this, Henri Lefebvre’s work, The Production of Space, makes a strong case due to its profound influence on contemporary socio-spatial analysis. For Lefebvre, society is defined by its mode of production (1991, p.39), therefore, spatial production plays a structural role in the morphology of “forced” urbanisation processes. Lefebvre’s ‘spatial triad’ elaboration; Representations of space (how space is conceived), spaces of representation (how space is lived), and spatial practices (how space is perceived) (1991, p39), provides a substantial method of analysis for the formation of marginal settlements within displacement-resettling processes.This chapter will provide new insights about the contemporary relevance of Lefebvrian spatial triad in relation to the production of “invisible” space during displacement-resettling processes, as part of the complexity of current informal urbanisation patterns, in the Global South. Thus, this chapter will invite reflection and public debate over questions such as urbanisation for whom/against whom and who decides?<br/
Experiencias intensivas de trabajo de campo como herramienta pedagógica para la conservación patrimonial en ciudades marginalizadas
Get PDFEl trabajo de campo en la educación para la conservación del patrimonio arquitectónico se considera principalmente una herramienta para documentar la condición actual y desarrollar habilidades relevantes como metodología comprometida con los valores arquitectónicos, culturales e históricos de un sitio. Sin embargo, su pedagogía, en ausencia de un amplio debate, puede enriquecerse mediante la revisión de experiencias en Geografía y Arquitectura, donde el trabajo de campo, una actividad esencial en los planes de estudio de pregrado, induce a los estudiantes a realizar preguntas críticas a través del aprendizaje y mejora la participación con lo inesperado a través de la interrupción de los procesos de formación lineales. Esta metodología ha demostrado producir experiencias de enseñanza intensivas en conservación patrimonial a través de talleres, por lo que este trabajo reflexiona sobre cómo pueden mejorarse estas pedagogías y cómo estas pueden aportar significativamente a la sostenibilidad del patrimonio cultural en poblaciones que han sido históricamente marginalizadas de los principales centros urbanos
Incidence of a Didactic Strategy Mediated by a Mobile Application in the Development of Scientific Competences to Identify Inquire Explain Communicate Work as a Team in the Area of Natural Sciences in Sixth Grade Students
No full textDigitalEste proyecto surge a partir del reconocimiento de la presencia de las TIC en los entornos
de aprendizaje ya que favorecen un cambio de comportamiento de los estudiantes. Con la
implementación de la aplicación móvil diseñada, se logró que los estudiantes fortalecieran
conceptos, habilidades y competencias científicas en el área de las Ciencias Naturales,
obteniendo mejores resultados en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, el desarrollo de
habilidades TIC y el uso del lenguaje científico. La experiencia de la aplicación a través de un
ejercicio de experimentación real fue adecuada y mostró habilidades en los estudiantes, mayor
motivación y participación. Esta investigación se realiza desde un enfoque mixto. La experiencia
de la aplicación App, muestra que el uso de herramientas tecnológicas contribuye al desarrollo
de competencias que, aplicadas en situaciones reales, facilitan el trabajo y llevan a los
estudiantes a situaciones más estructuradas en cuanto a procesos de análisis, predicción de
eventos y registro de conclusiones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la incidencia de una
estrategia didáctica mediada por un aplicativo móvil en el desarrollo de las competencias
científicas de los estudiantes de grado sexto de la Institución Educativa Esteban Ochoa. Se
tuvieron en cuenta los contenidos curriculares, se analizó y seleccionó el tipo de interfaz para el
diseño de la aplicación móvil educativa y la propuesta de un plan de formación para el desarrollo
de competencias científico-tecnológicas, es un apoyo fundamental en el proceso académico de
los estudiantes.This project arises from the recognition of the presence of ICT in learning environments as
they favor a change in student behavior. With the implementation of the designed mobile
application, it was possible for the students to strengthen concepts, skills and scientific
competences in the area of Natural Sciences, obtaining better results in the teaching-learning
process, the development of ICT skills and the use of language. scientist. The experience of the
application through a real experimentation exercise was adequate and showed skills in the
students, greater motivation and participation. This research is carried out from a mixed approach.
The experience of the App application shows that the use of technological tools contributes to the
development of skills that, applied in real situations, facilitate work and lead students to more
structured situations in terms of analysis processes, event prediction and registration. of
conclusions. The objective of this work was to analyze the incidence of a didactic strategy
mediated by a mobile application in the development of the scientific competences of the sixth
grade students of the Esteban Ochoa Educational Institution. The curricular contents were taken
into account, the type of interface for the design of the educational mobile application was
analyzed and selected, and the proposal of a training plan for the development of scientifictechnological skills is a fundamental support in the academic process of the students.Capítulo 1. Presentación del trabajo de grado........................................................................... 22
Planteamiento del problema............................................................................................ 22
Descripción de la situación problema .................................................................. 22
Identificación del problema .................................................................................. 26
Pregunta problema .............................................................................................. 28
Justificación..................................................................................................................... 28
Objetivos.......................................................................................................................... 30
Objetivo general................................................................................................... 30
Objetivos específicos........................................................................................... 30
Capítulo 2. Bases teóricas ......................................................................................................... 32
Aportes al estado del arte................................................................................................ 32
Marco teórico................................................................................................................... 41
Capítulo 3. Diseño metodológico ............................................................................................... 49
Tipo de investigación....................................................................................................... 49
Alcance............................................................................................................................ 50
Hipótesis.......................................................................................................................... 50
Variables.......................................................................................................................... 50
Operacionalización de variables o descripción de categorías......................................... 50
Población y muestra ........................................................................................................ 51
Procedimiento.................................................................................................................. 52
Instrumentos de recolección de información ................................................................... 53
Técnicas de análisis de datos ......................................................................................... 54
Capítulo 4. Consideraciones éticas............................................................................................ 56
Capítulo 5. Diagnóstico .............................................................................................................. 58
Análisis de la encuesta inicial.......................................................................................... 58
Análisis a la prueba diagnóstica ...................................................................................... 69
Análisis general de la prueba diagnóstica ........................................................... 84
6. Estructura de la Propuesta de Intervención ........................................................................... 87
6.1 Fase de Diseño ......................................................................................................... 87
6.2 Componente Tecnológico........................................................................................ 112
YouTube ............................................................................................................ 115
Wordwall ............................................................................................................ 116
Educaplay .......................................................................................................... 118
6.3 Implementación ....................................................................................................... 120
Actividad de aprendizaje 1................................................................................. 120
Actividad de aprendizaje 2................................................................................. 121
Actividad de aprendizaje 3................................................................................. 121
Actividad de aprendizaje 4................................................................................. 122
Capítulo 7. Análisis e interpretación de datos .......................................................................... 124
Análisis de la prueba de validación ............................................................................... 124
Análisis general de la prueba de validación ...................................................... 139
Análisis de la encuesta satisfacción .............................................................................. 140
Análisis general de la encuesta de satisfacción ................................................ 152
Comprobación de hipótesis ........................................................................................... 153
Prueba no paramétrica ...................................................................................... 153
Capítulo 8. Conclusiones ......................................................................................................... 155
Capítulo 9. Limitaciones ........................................................................................................... 159
Capítulo 10. Impacto, recomendaciones y trabajos futuros ..................................................... 160
Impacto.......................................................................................................................... 160
Recomendaciones y trabajos futuros ............................................................................ 161
Referencias .............................................................................................................................. 163
Apéndices................................................................................................................................. 168MaestríaMagíster en Tecnologías Digitales Aplicadas a la Educació
Estudio de prefactibilidad técnica y financiera para llevar a cabo un proyecto de acupuntura urbana en el barrio la Churria del municipio de Pereira - Risaralda
Get PDFSi bien los sectores inmediatos al área de desarrollo del proyecto cuentan con dinámicas comerciales complementarias al centro de la ciudad, el barrio Travesuras La Churria ha sido referenciado como una zona deprimida con desarrollo de vivienda informal, razón por la cual este proyecto de “Acupuntura Urbana”, plantea una propuesta de transformación socio-espacial.
Este proyecto incluye la reubicación de 160 familias, que viven en zonas de riesgo alto no mitigable o sobre la margen de protección de la quebrada La Dulcera o en predios pertenecientes al municipio de Pereira, para lo cual se plantea el desarrollo de viviendas multifamiliares en el mismo sector, con el fin de no generar desplazamiento de las familias a otras zonas de la ciudad.
De este modo, se busca mejorar las condiciones de habitabilidad, el fortalecimiento del tejido social y la consolidación de un corredor ambiental que permita vitalizar este sector de la ciudad entorno a dicha fuente hídrica.While the immediate sectors to the project development area have complementary trade dynamics to the city center, the neighborhood has been referred to as dangerous area with the development of illegal housing, which is why this urban acupuncture project, it is proposed for physical and social transformation.
This project includes the relocation of 160 families, living in high-risk areas or the margin of protection of the river La Dulcera or in areas owned by the municipality of Pereira, this is why the development of multifamily housing in the same sector is begin considered, in order not to generate movement of families to other areas of the city.
In this way, the conditions of living area will improve, by strengthening social fabric and consolidation an environmental corridor let this sector of the city be vitalized around this water fountain.MaestríaMagíster en Gerencia de Proyecto
Enhancing fieldwork learning experiences for the architectural conservation curriculum
Get PDFPurposeFieldwork in architectural conservation education is a proven practice to develop skills in documenting current conditions and start methodological engagements with a site's architectural and historical values. It is a vehicle to generate intensive learning experiences in comprehensive degrees or short courses. Review of the practice within conservation education is not extensive and the purpose of this paper is to reflect on enhancing pedagogy further.Design/methodology/approachThis reflection was triggered by a major case study, a workshop to generate UG teaching capacity for an Architecture school in Colombia. This led to mapping the fieldwork spectrum, reviewing the authors' experiences (PG courses and external workshops) and activities planned in other MSc programmes. Fieldwork is often seen as skills training, so enhancement is explored through the affiliate geography and architecture UG curricula.FindingsThe Colombia workshop provoked strong engagement among students and tutors, and their commitment to make heritage meaningful to their projects is a measure of this pedagogy's success. Fieldwork around a site's essence, beyond skills development can induce conservation students into critical enquiries by motivating them to develop personalised contexts and enhance engagement with the unexpected through inversion of linear learning processes. Setting up site exercises early on PG programmes can encourage curiosity in exploring historic environments and contextualise surveying methods.Research limitations/implicationsStudent reaction to these ideas has still to be tested by designing new activities. The educational methods of this implementation need deeper analysis, beyond the paper's scope.Originality/valueThe paper maps the academic value of fieldwork in conservation education, investigating enhancement and cross-fertilisation from architecture and geography
Gestión estratégica y sostenibilidad para la permanencia de los afiliados de la asociación AVIFAP - Jorge Chávez - Surco, Lima, 2022
Get PDFEl presente trabajo de investigación trata sobre la gestión estratégica y sostenibilidad para la permanencia de los afiliados de la asociación Avifap-Jorge Chávez, 2022, asociación privada sin fines de lucro tiene como propósito mejorar la gestión estratégica y la sostenibilidad para la permanencia evitando la desafiliación de
los asociados. La metodología de esta investigación es metodológico explicativo,
aplicando aspectos éticos, recolección y análisis de datos. Aportar mejores estrategias de gestión y sostenibilidad detectando las principales deficiencias a través del diseño metodológico, diseño muestral, cuestionarios; poder cumplir con la visión de la empresa. Los resultados obtenidos respaldan la hipótesis planteada, indicando que una gestión estratégica efectiva contribuye a la sostenibilidad de la asociación para la permanencia de sus afiliados. A su vez, se obtuvo que la capacidad operativa sólida y eficiente contribuye al desarrollo socioeconómico y social de la asociación. Así como una infraestructura adecuada y bien mantenida contribuye al fortalecimiento
institucional de la asociación. La investigación recomienda establecer un sistema de retroalimentación efectiva en sus diversas filiales utilizando herramientas como encuestas, reuniones periódicas o buzones de sugerencias que ayuden a mejorar la planificación estratégica, estableciendo metas claras y medibles, asignando adecuadamente los recursos disponibles y promoviendo una gestión eficiente. Por último, realizar un diagnóstico de las necesidades de infraestructura y desarrollar un plan de inversiones a largo plazo para su mejora y mantenimiento implementando mecanismos de gobernanza participativa, la creación de comités o grupos de trabajo
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