1,720,953 research outputs found
Development of strategies for decommissioning small nuclear reactors in Brazil
No full textNos últimos anos, o Brasil tem se empenhado em fortalecer sua estrutura regulatória e o setor nuclear brasileiro como parte de sua visão estratégica para enfrentar os desafios futuros no setor energético. Um desses desafios é a busca por soluções sustentáveis e de baixa emissão de carbono, a fim de atingir as metas de descarbonização e mitigar os impactos das mudanças climáticas. Nesse contexto, o País vislumbra a possibilidade de investir em reatores nucleares como uma fonte eficiente de produção de energia. Todavia, esses reatores, ao término da fase de operação, seja pelo fim de sua vida útil, ou no caso de retirada precoce de operação por acidente, ou por decisão da organização operadora, são descomissionados, em um processo que envolve a descontaminação e o desmantelamento da estrutura e a gestão adequada dos rejeitos radioativos gerados. O processo de descomissionamento é composto por atividades técnicas e administrativas que visam desligar uma instalação nuclear, incluindo a remoção total ou parcial do controle regulatório. Em virtude da complexibilidade envolvida nesse processo, a AIEA recomenda que o descomissionamento de instalações nucleares deva ser executado como um projeto de engenharia, com a diferença que este envolve equipamentos e materiais radioativos que precisam ser manuseados e controlados conforme os pré-requisitos técnicos e regulatórios, colocando-os em condição que não represente um risco inaceitável. O projeto de descomissionamento de uma instalação nuclear começa com a elaboração de um plano preliminar de descomissionamento ainda na fase de projeto de construção da instalação, que acompanha toda a fase de construção e operação. Ao final da vida útil da instalação, é elaborado um plano final de descomissionamento, que deve ser aprovado pelo órgão regulador competente antes do início das atividades de descomissionamento. Assim, o descomissionamento pode levar décadas para ser planejado e executado, além de exigir um investimento significativo para alcançar seu objetivo. Nesse contexto, o projeto de descomissionamento deve ser conduzido por meio de uma estratégia específica, demonstrando sua viabilidade de implementação, alinhada com a estrutura regulatória e considerações técnicas, administrativas, sociais, ambientais e econômicas do país em questão. Com o aumento das atividades nucleares previstas nas políticas e estratégias nacionais e considerando as recentes mudanças regulatórias, foi desenvolvido nesse trabalho um conjunto de estratégias para o planejamento das atividades de descomissionamento de reatores nucleares de pequeno porte já na fase de projeto de construção. Essas estratégias, bem planejadas e sistemáticas, abrangem todo o ciclo de vida do reator deste a sua fase inicial de projeto até o seu descomissionamento e foram embasadas por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema e utilizando as técnicas do processo de avaliação de risco descritas na norma ABNT ISO/IEC 31010. Além disso, elas foram fundamentadas em boas práticas internacionais e em recomendações da AIEA, visando direcionar o descomissionamento de reatores nucleares de pequeno porte no Brasil.In recent years, Brazil has been committed to strengthening its regulatory framework and the Brazilian nuclear sector as part of its strategic vision to address future challenges in the energy sector. One of these challenges is the pursuit of sustainable and low-carbon solutions to achieve decarbonization goals and mitigate the impacts of climate change. In this context, the country envisions the possibility of investing in nuclear reactors as an efficient source of energy production. However, these reactors, upon reaching the end of their operational phase, whether due to the end of their life, early shutdown due to accidents, or the operator\'s decision, are decommissioned in a process that involves decontamination, dismantling of the structure, and proper management of generated radioactive waste. The decommissioning process consists of technical and administrative activities aimed at shutting down a nuclear facility, including the complete or partial removal of regulatory control. Due to the complexity involved in this process, the IAEA recommends that decommissioning of nuclear facilities be executed as an engineering project, with the difference being that it involves equipment and radioactive materials that need to be handled and controlled according to technical and regulatory prerequisites, ensuring they are in a condition that does not pose an unacceptable risk. The decommissioning project of a nuclear facility begins with the development of a preliminary decommissioning plan during the construction phase of the facility, which continues throughout the construction and operation phases. At the end of the facility\'s life, a final decommissioning plan is prepared and must be approved by the relevant regulatory authority before the commencement of decommissioning activities. Thus, decommissioning can take decades to plan and execute, in addition to requiring significant investment to achieve its objective. In this context, the decommissioning project must be carried out through a specific strategy, demonstrating its feasibility of implementation, aligned with the regulatory framework, and considering the technical, administrative, social, environmental, and economic considerations of the country in question. With the increase in nuclear activities envisaged in national policies and strategies, and considering recent regulatory changes, this work has developed a set of strategies for planning the decommissioning activities of small nuclear reactors during the construction phase. These well-planned and systematic strategies encompass the entire life cycle of the reactor, from its initial design phase to its decommissioning, and were based on a literature review on the subject and the use of risk assessment techniques described in the ABNT ISO/IEC 31010 standard. Additionally, they were based on international best practices and recommendations from the IAEA, aiming to guide the decommissioning of small nuclear reactors in Brazil
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
