1,721,064 research outputs found
The use of bioactive factors to enhance bone regeneration. A narrative review.
Full text linkThis is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Donos, N. , Dereka, X. and Calciolari, E. (2019), The use of bioactive factors to enhance bone regeneration. A narrative review. J Clin Periodontol. Accepted Author Manuscript. doi:10.1111/jcpe.13048, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13048. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived VersionsAimThis reviewcritically appraisesthe available knowledge on the pre-clinical and clinical use of bioactive factorsfor bone regeneration in the cranial and maxillo-facial area.Materials and MethodsThe use of growth factors, amelogenins and autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) for bone regeneration wasreviewedin a systematic manner. More specifically,preclinical and clinical studies on ridge preservation, alveolar ridge augmentation, regeneration of peri-implant defects and sinus augmentation models were considered.ResultsAmongst different bioactive factors, the highest pre-clinical and clinical evidence of a positive effect on bone formation is associated with BMP-2 and the lowest with amelogenins. While APCs seem to accelerate clinical healing and reduce postoperative discomfort, there is insufficient and contrasting evidence of a significant effect on hard tissue regenerationfor the different clinical applications.ConclusionsAlthough there is increasing evidence that bioactive factors might enhance the bone regeneration process, the great heterogeneity of the available studies and the limited number of RCTs do not allow to draw robust conclusions. Issues that still need to be investigated include the optimal carriersfor bioactive agents (direct vs. indirect), the dosage, the timing of administration, as well as the possibility of combining different agents to promote synergistic effects
The use of omics profiling to improve outcomes of bone regeneration and osseointegration. How far are we from personalized medicine in dentistry?
Full text linkIncreased life expectancy and broader restorative dental treatment alternatives for missing teeth have resulted in an increasing request of bone regeneration/augmentation procedures not only in healthy patients, but also in elderly and medically compromised ones. This is also combined with a growing demand for short implant loading protocols and for optimal aesthetic results. In order to meet these new dental needs, personalized treatment strategies tailored on each individual's characteristics and healing profile are warranted. Omics technologies are emerging as powerful tools to uncover molecules and signalling pathways involved in bone formation and osseointegration and to investigate differences in the molecular mechanisms between health and systemic diseases that could be targeted by future therapies. This review critically appraises the available knowledge on the application of omics technologies in the field of bone regeneration and osseointegration and explores their potential use for personalized medicine in the dento-maxillo-facial field. Significance: The use of omics in personalising dental maxillo-facial treatments emerges as a desirable diagnostic and treatment strategy. Omics represent, in fact, powerful tools not only to shade light on the cascade of events taking place during bone formation/osseointegration, but also to identify specific signalling pathways and molecules that can be targeted by future therapies with the aim to enhance clinical outcomes in patients with compromised healing conditions
Proteomic and Transcriptomic Approaches for Studying Bone Regeneration in Health and Systemically Compromised Conditions
Full text linkBone regeneration is a complex biological process, where the molecular mechanisms are only partially understood. In an ageing population, where the prevalence of chronic diseases with an impact on bone metabolism is increasing, it becomes crucial to identify new strategies that would improve regenerative outcomes also in medically compromised patients. In this context, omics are demonstrating a great potential, as they offer new insights on the molecular mechanisms regulating physiologic/pathologic bone healing and, at the same time, allow the identification of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. This review provides an overview on the current evidence on the use of transcriptomic and proteomic approaches in bone regeneration research, particularly in relation to type 1 diabetes and osteoporosis, and discusses future scenarios and potential benefits and limitations on the integration of multi-omics. It is suggested that future research will leverage the synergy of omics with statistical modeling and bioinformatics to prompt the understanding of the biology underpinning bone formation in health and medically compromised conditions. With an eye toward personalized medicine, new strategies combining the mining of large datasets and bioinformatic data with a detailed characterization of relevant phenotypes will need to be pursued to further the understanding of disease mechanisms
Large Language Models in Systematic Review Screening: Opportunities, Challenges, and Methodological Considerations
No full textSystematic reviews require labor-intensive screening processes—an approach prone to bottlenecks, delays, and scalability constraints in large-scale reviews. Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as a powerful alternative, capable of operating in zero-shot or few-shot modes to classify abstracts according to predefined criteria without requiring continuous human intervention like semi-automated platforms. This review focuses on the central challenges that users in the biomedical field encounter when integrating LLMs—such as GPT-4—into evidence-based research. It examines critical requirements for software and data preprocessing, discusses various prompt strategies, and underscores the continued need for human oversight to maintain rigorous quality control. By drawing on current practices for cost management, reproducibility, and prompt refinement, this article highlights how review teams can substantially reduce screening workloads without compromising the comprehensiveness of evidence-based inquiry. The findings presented aim to balance the strengths of LLM-driven automation with structured human checks, ensuring that systematic reviews retain their methodological integrity while leveraging the efficiency gains made possible by recent advances in artificial intelligence
Intelligent summaries: Will Artificial Intelligence mark the finale for biomedical literature reviews?
No full textLLM has attained generative capabilities similar to human discourse and can effectively summarize documents and extract information from texts. The development of R.A.G. systems will soon make these systems capable to browse databases such as MEDLINE and extract knowledge, creating summaries of the literature. These summaries may soon reach a point where they are equivalent to current reviews of the literature, possibly making them irrelevant. The availability of automated summaries of the literature may raise the bar of what is still worth publishing. Literature reviews may have to capitalize on human imagination, creativity and abstraction capabilities to survive the A.I. revolution
Preclinical Studies Design and Place of Swine
No full textAmong other large experimental animal models, like the dog, the sheep or the monkey, swine has a long history in translational biomedical research as well as for procedural training in different surgical disciplines [1,2,3]. In recent years, swine has attracted attention in musco-skeletal surgery and in oral, maxillofacial bone surgery related research [4, 5]. This chapter will specifically discuss the place of swine as an experimental model for dental implant rehabilitation
Osteoporotic Animal Models of Bone Healing: Advantages and Pitfalls.
Full text linkThe aim of this review was to summarize the advantages and pitfalls of the available osteoporotic animal models of bone healing. A thorough literature search was performed in MEDLINE via OVID and EMBASE to identify animal studies investigating the effect of experimental osteoporosis on bone healing and bone regeneration. The osteotomy model in the proximal tibia is the most popular osseous defect model to study the bone healing process in osteoporotic-like conditions, although other well-characterized models, such as the post-extraction model, might be taken into consideration by future studies. The regenerative potential of osteoporotic bone and its response to biomaterials/regenerative techniques has not been clarified yet, and the critical size defect model might be an appropriate tool to serve this purpose. Since an ideal animal model for simulating osteoporosis does not exist, the type of bone remodeling, the animal lifespan, the age of peak bone mass, and the economic and ethical implications should be considered in our selection process. Furthermore, the influence of animal species, sex, age, and strain on the outcome measurement should be taken into account. In order to make future studies meaningful, standardized international guidelines for osteoporotic animal models of bone healing need to be set up
Panoramic measures for oral bone mass in detecting osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textDifferent quantitative and qualitative indices calculated on oral panoramic radiographs have been proposed as useful tools to screen for reduced skeletal bone mineral density (BMD). Our aim was to systematically review the literature on linear and qualitative panoramic measures and to assess the accuracy of these indices by performing a meta-analysis of their sensitivity and specificity. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was followed. Fifty studies were included in the qualitative appraisal and 19 were considered for meta-analysis. The methodological quality of the retrieved studies, assessed with the QUADAS-2 tool, was on average low. Three indices were reported by most of the studies: mandibular cortical width, panoramic mandibular index, and the Klemetti index. Mandibular cortical width presented with a better accuracy in excluding osteopenia/osteoporosis (specificity), since patients with a cortical width more than 4 mm had a normal BMD in 90% of the cases. Almost all studies used a cutoff of 0.3 for the panoramic mandibular index, resulting in an estimated sensitivity and specificity in detecting reduced BMD, respectively, of 0.723 (SE 0.160; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.352-0.926) and 0.733 (SE 0.066; 95% CI, 0.587-0.841). The presence of any kind of mandibular cortical erosion gave an estimated sensitivity and specificity in detecting reduced BMD, respectively, of 0.789 (SE 0.031; 95% CI, 0.721-0.843) and 0.562 (SE 0.047; 95% CI, 0.47-0.651) and a sensitivity and specificity in detecting osteoporosis, respectively, of 0.806 (SE 0.105; 95% CI, 0.528-0.9200) and 0.643 (SE 0.109; 95% CI, 0.417-0.820). The mandibular cortical width, panoramic mandibular index, and Klemetti index are overall useful tools that potentially could be used by dentists to screen for low BMD. Their limitations are mainly related to the experience/agreement between different operators and the different image quality and magnification of the panoramic radiographs
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