1,720,955 research outputs found
Efficacy and Clinical Application of Physical Activity in Substance Use Disorder Rehabilitation: A Review on Mechanism and Benefits
Get PDFBackground: Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) are chronic conditions characterized by high relapse rates and significant psychological, physical, and social complications. Despite the availability of traditional pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions, many individuals struggle to maintain abstinence. Recently, physical activity (PA) has emerged as a promising complementary intervention. This review aims to examine the existing evidence on the effects of PA in individuals with SUDs, with a particular focus on neurobiological mechanisms. Methods: A narrative review was conducted on 30 September 2024, searching relevant keywords on PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, reviews, and meta-analyses published between 1988 and 2024 were considered. Results: Fifty studies were included. Key themes included the role of PA in inducing neuroadaptation in individuals with SUDs, which is crucial for relapse prevention and impulse control, and the effects of PA depending on the type of PA and the specific SUD. Neurobiological modifications related to PA are of particular interest in the search for potential biomarkers. Additionally, studies explored the effects of PA on cravings, mental health, and quality of life. The review overall discusses the psychological changes induced by PA during SUD rehabilitation, identifies barriers to participation in PA programs, and suggests clinical and organizational strategies to enhance adherence. Conclusions: Physical activity is a promising adjunctive therapy for the management of Substance Use Disorders. Long-time longitudinal studies and meta-analyses are needed to sustain scientific evidence of efficacy. The success of PA programs moreover depends on overcoming barriers to adherence, including physical, psychological, and logistical challenges
Acid Attacks: An Overview of Legal Measures and Motivation Trends in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Colombia, and Cambodia
Get PDFVitriolage is a form of widespread violence around the world. This research analyzed legislative measures against the practice adopted by India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Colombia, and Cambodia. The strengths and weaknesses of the different legal systems were examined. Motivational trends on why the violence was committed were reviewed in the literature in these countries. It was found that acid attacks are a form of gender-based violence. Countries where the measures were adopted to prevent attacks but failed to achieve the goal did not consider the attacks as a part of a broader problem. The only country that seems to have achieved the goal of reducing acid attacks is Bangladesh, where the law aggravated the penalties and implemented awareness raising about vitriolage. Bangladesh also promoted research and studies on the subject. The findings of the article could be helpful for governments in countries where acid attacks occur to create a policy to eradicate the problem
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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