1,721,097 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Emergency free flaps for the reconstruction of open injuries of the upper limb: a review
No full textDebridement of all necrotic and contaminated tissues followed by immediate soft: tissue coverage in order to obtain primary healing is nowadays the standard approach to all open injuries of the extremities. In 1977 Foucher et al. introduced for the first time the concept of immediate treatment at one time of all injured tissues in complex traumas of the upper limb. The final goal of this therapeutic approach is early postoperative mobilization of the hand and of the whole upper extremity. Any delay in treatment will lead to higher risk of infection, to granulation tissue formation and extended fibrosis, reduced flap survival rate, longer hospital stay, late rehabilitation and eventually to poor function. The advantages of an emergency free-flap reconstruction are salvage of exposed vital structures, reduction of bacterial colonization and immediate reconstruction of all damaged structures in the first surgical procedure, allowing for early rehabilitation and eventually leading to better functional recovery. In the absence of life-threatening injuries the absolute indication for an emergency free flap is exposure of a reconstructed vessel and/or of the main artery of the limb. Other absolute indications are salvage free flaps harvested from non replantable amputated parts and the flow-through flaps used for limb revascularization. The golden period for free-tissue transfer is the first 24 hours after injury. In the literature there is evidence that three days and even five days are of no detriment to final outcome if debridement is accurate and bacterial load low. Longer delays are consistently associated with higher infection rate, flap failure, multiple secondary procedures, longer hospital stay and eventually poor function. Disadvantages are the need for a well experienced surgeon capable, first of all, of a careful assessment of the general condition of the patient and of the remaining function of the affected limb. Further critical points are the extent of the debridement and the choice of the receiving vessels. Only when a surgically clean wound is obtained should a definitive closure be undertaken. In our opinion there are multiple methods available to close a complex wound of the extremities and the surgeon should choose the technique that offers the best chance of success at the lowest risk for the patient
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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