1,720,957 research outputs found
Applying function point to unified modeling language: Conversion model and pilot study
No full textThis paper considers convertibility of the elements of the Unified Modeling Language into entities of the Function Point Analysis, introduces a model for establishing the link, and presents a pilot study for comparing the Function Point counts provided by the model with those provided by a Function Point certified expert. In order to map the Unified Modeling Language elements to Function Point Analysis entities, the paper develops guidelines, rules, heuristics, and flexibility specifications, which also constitute the requirements Of an analyzer and semi-automatic converter, implemented as a wizard inside IBM-Rational Rose. The paper presents and discusses the design, conduction and results of the pilot study
Evaluating checklist-based and use-case-driven reading techniques as applied to software analysis and design UML artifacts
No full textThis chapter discusses the experimental comparison of two reading techniques, comparing their effectiveness and detection rates with respect to inspecting high-level UML diagrams for defects. Artifact-related checklists drive one technique, and application use cases drive the other. Our initial idea was that the latter is more effective than the former. This experiment was developed at the University of Rome "Tor Vergata". It was conducted with junior and senior students of object-oriented analysis and design in the university's Department of Informatics, Systems and Production. The data collected shows that techniques performed differently. Specifically, for effectiveness, CBR in the average performed + 41.6% better than UCDR. CBR detected 15.6% more seeded defects, and +149.3 % more new faults, than UCDR. The latter provided 11.6 % less false positives than CBR. For detection rate, the checklist-based reading technique's peak value occurred 25% later, and was 66.7% greater, than the use-case driven reading's peak value. However, the results were not statistically significant. Because the use-case-driven script turned out to be much more complex than the checklist-driven one, we decided to restructure the former in multiple layers and hence conducted further experiments, the results of which are forthcoming
Effectiveness of code reading and functional testing with event-driven object-oriented software.
No full textThis chapter is concerned with experimental comparisons of code reading and functional testing (including fault identification) of concurrent event-driven Java software. Our initial idea was that functional-testing is more effective than code reading with respect to concurrent event-driven OO software. A controlled experiment was initially conducted with sophomore students (inexperienced subjects). Subsequently, it was replicated with some changes with junior and senior students (moderately experienced subjects). We also conducted a further replication with Master students, which is not considered in this Chapter. The experiment goal was studied from different perspectives, including effect of techniques on the different types of faults. Results can be overviewed as the following: 1) Concerning the initial, basic experiment: with inexperienced subjects and a strict interval of inspecting time of two hours, there was no statistically significant difference between the techniques under consideration; subjects performance indicator was 62% for code reading and 75% for functional testing. 2) Concerning the (first) replication: with moderately expert subjects, again a strict interval of inspecting time of two hours, and more than twice number of seeded faults, there was no statistically significant difference between the techniques; subjects performance indicator was 100% for code reading and 92% for functional testing; subjects performance indicator shows that more experienced subjects were asking for more inspecting time; however, functional testing performed much better than in the basic experiment. Computation faults were the most detectable for code reading while control faults were the most detectable for functional testing. Moreover, moderately expert subjects were more effective than inexperienced ones in detecting interface and event types of faults. Furthermore moderately expert functional testers detected many preexistent (non-seeded) faults, while both inexperienced subjects, and moderately experienced code readers could not detect non-seeded faults
Peaceful coexistence: agile developer perspectives on software architecture.
Full text linkThis study aims to explore the relationship between agility and architecture by surveying 72 software
developers at IBM. Results suggest that software architecture and agility are not like oil and water. In particular,
Agile developers perceived architectures as important and supportive (rather than in contrast or neutral) to agile
values. This kind of positive perception of software architectural principles and practice bodes well for future
efforts to integrate agile and architecture practices
Mobile Apps Development: A Framework for Technology Decision Making.
No full textDevelopers of a new Mobile App have to undertake a number of decisions, including the target platform and the development technology to utilize. Even though there is no one-size-fits-all solution, which could meet all needs for all contexts, this paper is concerned with an exploratory study aimed to provide developers with a framework to support their technology selection process, including practical guidelines on how to select the technology that best fits the given context and requirements. The exploited research methods are survey, interview, and case study. Results consist in a model of, and a collection of data and experts’ experiences about, some advanced platforms. Results are packed in a tool-prototype: once entered the needs and required device features, the tool returns measures that allow a decision maker to identify the development technology, among the recommended alternatives, which best
fulfills the actual requirements
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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