1,355,033 research outputs found
LTI, Laguna-Calamba TMC microwave link design
No full textThe author of this project completed the on-the-job training at the Sampaloc International Transmission Maintenance Center (ITMC). The practicum project designs a microwave link between LTI radio station and Calamba TMC Laguna with a high path availability, and determines the necessary type of antenna as well as a sufficient radio system to be used in the project. The project aims to guarantee a back up in case of breakdown in the fiber optic, thus provide a convenient and efficient service to the subscriber. The microwave link between LTI, radio station and Calamba TMC can operate with a reliability of 99.9999 percent without any refraction or diffraction of the microwave beam using antenna height = 42m at Calamba TMC. However, since the existing tower height is 52m, the Transmission Toll Group considered the antenna height of 46m. Most of the basic or important parameters related to radio propagation engineering which should be considered in radio system design have been covered in this practicum report. The information presented can serve as a reference where most of the data and principles have been prepared and practiced by the Transmission Engineers. It is known that there will be special cases covering radio links or hops having unusual propagation characteristics, which may violate the principle outlined in the report. However, this report provides a typical system for LTI radio station and Calamba TMC Microwave Link and not cover every possible application.
Observation made by the author is the absence of a system to be followed by the members of the technical staff in the operation and maintenance of all kinds of equipment in the ITMC. The different models of the different equipment manufactured from different countries around the world become confusing and hard to master. In general, a person with all job training and multifunctional operations produces less efficiency. The author suggested to management specialization program for every technical staff for the accomplishment of effective and accurate results
Museum of Jose Rizal, Calamba, the Philippines
No full textMuseum of Jose Rizal, Calamba, the Philippines Street Address: Rizal St, Calamba City, the Philippines Museum Map: Location Map Permanent Collections: Ethnography, History, Paintings, Sculpture The “Bahay ni Rizal”, as the locals of Calamba used to call it, is a reproduction of the Spanish period stone house where national hero Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1861 and lived until he started his formal studies in Biñan. It was located adjacent to the St. John the Baptist’s Parish Church, wh..
A computer-based budget planning model for the municipality of Calamba, Laguna, Philippines
No full textThis study develops a Computerized Budget Planning Model for Calamba, Laguna and conducts a simulation experiments on the model to obtain the optimum Budget Plan for the municipalit
Factors Affecting the Savings of Cooperative Members in the City of Calamba Cooperatives and Livelihood Development Department (CLDD)
No full textCooperative is a significant tool in savings mobilization. The City of Calamba Cooperatives and Livelihood Development Department (CLDD), established over twenty years, aims for an efficient savings and investment schemes for Calamba residents. This study attempts to identify the determinants of saving behavior of Calamba City cooperative members in assisted by CLDD. Specifically, the study aims to determine the socio-economic characteristics of members, determine the effect of cooperative on the savings of its members, and to determine whether the type of cooperative affects the savings of the members. Using primary and secondary data from the cooperative members and staff of cooperatives members of CLDD in Calamba City, an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) was conducted to determine the factors that affect the savings of cooperative members. Results show that cooperatives affect the savings mobilization of its members. Among the four types of cooperatives, Credit Cooperative affects the savings of its members the most. The length of membership and credit, are both significant and positively related to savings of members. Other variables found to be significantly affecting savings of cooperative members were sex, age, educational attainment and income
Comparative demand analysis for rice of urban and rural households in Calamba, Laguna, 2011
No full textThe general objective of the study was to analyze the demand for rice in Calamba, Laguna. Specifically, this study determined and compared the demand for rice in rural and urban areas of Calamba, Laguna; determined the factors that affect the demand for rice in Calamba, Laguna; and came up with recommendations based on the results. The study area was Calamba, Laguna with barangays Kay-Anlog and Barangay Uno representing the rural and urban areas, respectively. Sixty households from each barangay were randomly selected. Primary data collected from the household included
characteristics, prices of food items and food consumption were gathered using a pre- tested questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, comparison of
means and regression analysis. Generally, the prices of food items that urban households bought were higher than that of rural households. There were significant differences between the two types of households by the price of food items such as rice, pork, fish and bread. Rural households had significantly higher rice consumption than urban households. Rural respondents bought cheaper rice compared to urban households and consumed more of it. The wet market was the most popular sources of rice for urban households and accessibility was the number one reason for the choice of the place of purchase of rice. Generally, urban households had higher food consumption compared to rural households except for rice and white corn. There were significant differences between the two types of household’s consumption of pork, bread and white corn. Fish consumption was the only food item that showed no significant difference between rural and urban households. The total food expenditure of urban households was significantly higher compared to rural households except for rice and white corn expenditures. Rice and pork had the biggest share in food expenditure of rural and urban households, respectively. The own price of rice, household income and price of white corn were significant factors that affected the demand for rice of rural households while the only significant explanatory variable that influenced household rice consumption of urban households was household size. Generally, the demand for rice was inelastic and that changes in the different factors will not significantly affect its consumption levels. The following are suggested courses of actions to help the underprivileged people in the rural areas: making NFA rice more available and accessible in rural areas that need it the most; Inclusion of white corn as one of the priority commodities of Calamba City; Promotion of more livelihood activities to increase household income; and conduct of similar studies in other areas of the country
Factors affecting the savings of cooperative members in the City of Calamba Cooperatives and Livelihood Development Department (CLDD)
No full textCooperative is a significant tool in savings mobilization. The City of Calamba Cooperatives and Livelihood Development Department (CLDD), established over twenty years, aims for an efficient savings and investment schemes for Calamba residents. This study attempts to identify the determinants of saving behavior of Calamba City cooperative members in assisted by CLDD. Specifically, the study aims to determine the socio-economic characteristics of members, determine the effect of cooperative on the savings of its members, and to determine whether the type of cooperative affects the savings of the members. Using primary and secondary data from the cooperative members and staff of cooperatives members of CLDD in Calamba City, an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) was conducted to determine the factors that affect the savings of cooperative members. Results show that cooperatives affect the savings mobilization of its members. Among the four types of cooperatives, Credit Cooperative affects the savings of its members the most. The length of membership and credit, are both significant and positively related to savings of members. Other variables found to be significantly affecting savings of cooperative members were sex, age, educational attainment and income
A Comparative Study of Single and Multipurpose Cooperatives in Calamba, Laguna
No full textAgribusiness cooperatives play an important role in the development of the local and national economy because it promotes cooperation and a collective effort within a community which may lead to sufficiency and efficiency in the country. As members of cooperatives, farmer-members with the same goal and needs are united together giving them wider opportunities to take advantage of economies of scale which they lack when operating individually. Hence, establishing a cooperative would be a viable solution to help the farmers fully utilize their lands.
This study focused on assessing four different agricultural cooperatives operating in Calamba, Laguna namely: Barangay Looc Producers Cooperative (BLPC), Calamba Upland Farmers Multi-Purpose Cooperative (CUFAMCO), Calamba Rice Growers Multi- Purpose Cooperative (CRGMPC) and Calamba Vegetable Growers Marketing Cooperative (CVGMC). In this case, the aforementioned cooperatives can help in boosting agriculture in Calamba, as well as the country as a whole, through mobilizing resources and helping member to uplift their current situation.
Furthermore, this study aimed to compare the performance of single-purpose cooperatives (SPC) and multi-purpose cooperatives (MPC) in Calamba, Laguna. Specifically, it intended to describe the prevailing external and internal environmental factors affecting the agribusiness cooperatives in Calamba; identify the issues and challenges of the cooperatives in terms of marketing, personnel, production and financial management; determine the difference between the performance of single-purpose and multi-purpose cooperatives in terms of the four business functions; assess the key success factors present in single-purpose and multi-purpose cooperatives; and formulate recommendation to address the identified issues and problems.
Calamba is the most populous city in Laguna with a population of 454, 486 which is 15% of the total population of the province. It has a total land area of 14, 950 hectares wherein 1, 427 hectares are used in agricultural development (City Government of Calamba, 2015). Crops grown in Calamba can be classified into four groups: vegetable, fruits, root crops and rice. Because of these, most of the agribusiness cooperatives have rice, corn and vegetables as their main products.
BLPC is located in Looc, Calamba with pickled papaya and peanut butter as their main products. It was established on 2016 and currently having 33 members. The cooperative helps its members by providing the inputs needed in production. On the hand, CVGMC, located in Sampiruhan, Calmba having 80 farmer-members was established on 2013. Vegetables like eggplants and tomatoes are their main product. The cooperative offers input loan and land preparation services to the members. Both of them are single-purpose cooperatives. The quality of their products is inconsistent because of inconsistent input quality. Production is also irregular due to low participation of members and partial participation of officers. Members are not willing to attend trainings and seminars, even the mandated ones. The cooperatives were unable to consolidate the products which resulted to independent selling and marketing of products of the members. In terms of financing, both of them do not barrow money to bank because they are afraid of the high interest rates. They also receiving support from the government however, based on key informant interview, both of the cooperative receives insufficient support.
CUFAMCO which is located in Bunggo, Calamba started operating on 2010. As of now, they have 260 members. The cooperative’s main product is corn but they also process their own products to add value to it like producing charcoal briquettes from corn cobs and also producing corn feeds with different sizes. Lastly is the CRGMPC in San Jose, Calamba. It was established one year ahead of CUFAMCO. The cooperative’s main product is rice but they also offer agricultural inputs and groceries to members and non- members in their cooperative store. Both of the cooperatives are multi- purpose cooperatives that help members by lending agricultural inputs and also offering credit services and also services from land preparation up to harvesting. They also help their members in marketing their products by consolidating the harvested corn and rice. Both of them finance their cooperative through lending from government units. They also receive support from government through grants like machines and tractors. Both have high member and officer participation and commitment where in according to KII, continuous trainings and seminars had a big impact on the mindset of members because they understand the cooperative more.
MPC had an overall satisfaction rating of 4.89 on the four business function while SPC have 4.41. All of the cooperatives got a highly satisfied rating but it was found that MPCs are performing better than SPCs in all of the four business function especially in production and personnel management. However, SPCs poorly performed in marketing and personnel management.
There are eight key success factors identified in the study which are integration, avail of professional services, member motivation, member satisfaction, member commitment, effective communication, material development and external support. MPC members are highly satisfied with the presence of key success factors in their cooperatives having a rating of 4.78 compared to 4.09 of SPC which is just equivalent to satisfied rating. MPC have higher ratings compared to SPC especially in terms of member commitment, integration and external support.
Based on the factors affecting the cooperatives, various recommendations for the cooperative officers, staffs and BOD, government and training and seminar facilitators were recommended. Cooperative officers, staffs and BOD are recommended to take continuous trainings and seminars to understand their tasks more. They should also learn how to keep members motivated and committed. It was also recommended to facilitators of trainings and seminars to adjust their discussion to enable a more interactive environment and also to ensure that it is understandable and relatable noting that some of the attendees cannot read and write. Cooperatives especially SPCs should also try to borrowing money from institutions offering low interest rates to allow them invest on more advanced and productive facilities and equipments. Marketing of products should be consolidated to lessen the burden from the members and also to ensure buyers of the products. Lastly is that, government should also try focusing in helping smaller and start- up cooperatives because they are the ones who need external support the most
Economics of water pricing in Calamba City, Laguna
No full textThis study aimed to determine the marginal opportunity cost (MOC) price of water supplied by the Calamba Water District (CWD) to households in Calamba. In the field of natural resource economics, the MOC price is believed to be the efficient pricing mechanism for water. The framework employed in estimating the efficient price of water revolved around Warford?s (1994) theoretical framework in calculating for the MOC, which has three components: the Marginal Private Cost, Marginal User Cost and Marginal External Cost. The computed MOC price of water was PhP 31 per cubic meters (m3) which is a much higher price than the prevailing water rate of PhP 20.26, on the average, charged to household concessionaires. This result conforms to standard economic theory which encourages for fullcost pricing of water to reflect its true value as a resource. The finding suggests that the current water pricing in Calamba is inefficient for it does not account for user cost and other externalities associated with producing an additional cubic meter of water. Results of the demand analysis showed that if MOC price is implemented, demand for water by households will decrease by as much as 15% or approximately 37 million m3 over a 13-year projection period. This implies that MOC pricing would induce efficient water use and conservation
Economics of water pricing in Calamba City, Laguna
No full textThis study aimed to determine the marginal opportunity cost (MOC) price of water supplied by the Calamba Water District (CWD) to households in Calamba. In the field of natural resource economics, the MOC price is believed to be the efficient pricing mechanism for water. The framework employed in estimating the efficient price of water revolved around Warford?s (1994) theoretical framework in calculating for the MOC, which has three components: the Marginal Private Cost, Marginal User Cost and Marginal External Cost. The computed MOC price of water was PhP 31 per cubic meters (m3) which is a much higher price than the prevailing water rate of PhP 20.26, on the average, charged to household concessionaires. This result conforms to standard economic theory which encourages for fullcost pricing of water to reflect its true value as a resource. The finding suggests that the current water pricing in Calamba is inefficient for it does not account for user cost and other externalities associated with producing an additional cubic meter of water. Results of the demand analysis showed that if MOC price is implemented, demand for water by households will decrease by as much as 15% or approximately 37 million m3 over a 13-year projection period. This implies that MOC pricing would induce efficient water use and conservation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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