1,720,955 research outputs found
HIV-1 variability and progression to AIDS: a longitudinal study.
No full textHIV-1 replicative activity and its relation to the clinical and immunological evolution of infection was studied in a group of 150 HIV-1 seropositive Italian i.v. drug abusers over a 1 year period. HIV-1 was isolated from 90 (60%) subjects; two groups of isolates were distinguished, according to replicative activity "in vitro" and ability to induce cytopathic effects in cell cultures, and were termed "rapid-high" and "slow-low" viruses, in agreement with other workers. Rapid-high viruses were recovered more frequently from patients with ARC/AIDS, while slow-low viruses seemed related to the asymptomatic period of infection. The replicative properties of HIV-1 seem to affect strongly the course of disease. In fact, an important CD4 cell decline occurred in asymptomatic subjects with rapid-high virus infection; asymptomatic subjects with negative viral cultures or with slow-low viruses showed no such decline. Asymptomatic subjects with negative viral cultures had no signs of disease during the observation period, while 9% with slow-low virus and 45% with rapid-high virus progressed to AIDS
Reciprocal activation of human T-lymphotropic viruses in HTLV-I-transformed cells superinfected with HIV-1.
No full textThe finding of dual HTLV-I and HIV-1 infection in populations at risk for AIDS raises the possibility that interaction between the two viruses might have clinical significance. It was shown that HTLV-I enhances HIV-1 expression, but whether HIV-1 activates HTLV-I remains to be demonstrated. To study HTLV-I behaviour following HIV-1 infection, we superinfected cells from two HTLV-I transformed cell lines with HIV-1 (strain IIIB). Viral RNA analysis indicated that HTLV-I expression in the doubly infected cells was moderately enhanced. Moreover, CAT assays in HTLV-I transformed cells transiently transfected with HTLV-I LTR-CAT disclosed higher activity in the HIV-1 superinfected cultures. This enhancement was observed only after infection with active HIV-1 virus, but not following exposure to inactivated viral particles or transfection with HIV-1 tat gene
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Oral human papillomavirus and human herpesvirus-8 infections among human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected men and women in Italy.
No full textBackground: Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) and human herpesvirus-8 (HHV8) infections are sexually transmitted and respectively associated with the development of oropharyngeal carcinoma and Kaposi sarcoma. The aim of the study was to evaluate HPV prevalence and its possible correlation with HHV8 oral shedding, in relation to sex, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) behavioral risk factor, and immune function.
Methods: The study population comprised 100 HIV-infected individuals divided into 3 groups: (1) 38 men who have sex with men (MSM), (2) 24 heterosexual men, and (3) 38 women. DNA was obtained from cells of unstimulated whole saliva. Human papillomavirus sequences were searched for by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with MY09/MY11 primers or by nested PCR with GP5+/GP6+ primers as the second step. Typing was accomplished by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis or by direct sequencing or by reverse line blot. Human herpesvirus-8 sequences were detected and quantified by nested PCR and real-time PCR, respectively.
Results: Oral HPV infection was present in 37 (prevalence, 37%) of 100 (13 with high-risk and 24 with low-risk types) patients; the most frequent types were HPV16, HPV6, HPV10, HPV61, HPV66, and HPV83. Human herpesvirus-8 DNA was detected in 46 (46%) of 100 subjects. Both infections had the highest prevalence among MSM and the lowest among women; women had a lower prevalence of high-risk HPV types than did both male groups (P = 0.05). An inverse correlation was observed with concomitant oral HHV8 infection (P = 0.007).
Conclusions: High prevalence of oral HPV and HHV8 infections was observed; MSM had the highest figures, despite better control of HIV infection
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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