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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
From Republic to Representative Democracy: Some Observations on the Use of the Word ‘Democracy’ in Italian Political Thought between 1750 and 1861
No full textBetween 1750 and 1861 in Italy, the term ‘democracy’ underwent a crucial change in meaning and in use. This change affected both the perception of democracy as a political model and as a form of government as well as the value assigned therein. In the space of a century, at least three different phases can be singled out in the relationship existing between Italian political thought and the democratic experience seen as a whole in historical and theoretical terms. Between 1750 and 1790 the word ‘democracy’ was prevalently used, for better or worse, in reference to classical antiquity and the relevant term was really ‘republic’: a republican ideal was slowly trying to free itself from its aristocratic features to adapt to the modern commercial society and to a more egalitarian and individualist concept. Beginning in 1790, probably with the help of Edmund Burke’s invectives against the French Revolution, the term democracy began to be used, above all by adversaries, with a prevalently negative connotation and precisely in reference to the developments of the above mentioned event. This use was reinforced when the Jacobins took possession of the term and matched it with a model that was to end tragically with the ‘Terror’, but would not cease to hold great charm for its Italian supporters, up to and beyond the conclusion of the Revolutionary Triennium in 1799. This mirror-like choice of the same term by opposing political positions, radical and reactionary, lasted until 1835 and throughout those years caused the moderate supporters of democratic reforms to rely on the concept of ‘representative government’ instead. It was Tocqueville’s masterpiece on America, published in the same year, that permanently reintroduced democracy at the centre of the Euro-Atlantic debate, whether conceived as a form of government or as a ‘social state’. In Italy, the term ‘democracy’ therefore began to acquire a number of different shades of meanings with liberal to socialist variants. However, particularly after 1848, the term became a given essential in the process of national Unification, which ended in 1861
Dalla libertà religiosa alla libertà politica: Il radicalismo anglo-americano, 1689-1776
No full textQuesta saggio cerca di illustrare come, nel variegato contesto del radicalismo politico anglo-americano della seconda metà del XVIII secolo, i principi luterani del libero esame dei testi sacri e del sacerdozio universale, che avevano affermato l’autonomia morale dell’uomo, furono estesi dalla religione alla politica, dalla libertà religiosa alla libertà politica. Questo avvenne soprattutto in seguito alla lezione di John Locke nell’ambito del cosiddetto “dissenso razionale” alla chiesa inglese. In quel contesto il private judgement si affermò come una sorta di diritto naturale intellettuale, ed a partire dalla metà degli anni 60’ del Settecento si rivelò l’arma principale con la quale i non-conformisti alla chiesa anglicana (dissenters) sferrarono un nuovo duro attacco contro la sua ortodossia trinitaria, con l’intento di minare le basi della sua stretta alleanza politica con la monarchia inglese. L’assalto si sviluppò su tre fronti, la domanda di esenzione dall’obbligo di sottoscrivere i 39 articoli previsti dagli Acts of Uniformity, il sostegno all’indipendenza americana, e la richiesta di una riforma parlamentare con l’allargamento del suffragio. Il confronto ed il dibattito che ne scaturirono contribuirono a trasformare l’aristocratica concezione repubblicana della libertà degli antichi, in una concezione democratica più moderna ed individualistica, sostanzialmente fondata sul suffragio universale maschile, finalmente attribuito, come si poteva desumere dalla famosa opera di John Cartwright, Take Your Choice! del 1776, non più in base alla proprietà o ad antichi privilegi costituzionali ma in virtù della sola personalità umana
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Can the Head-Shaking Test be attributed real clinical value in otoneurological diagnostics?
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Prefazione
No full textSome observations about the use of the word Democracy in Europe between 1750 and 1850
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