1,721,084 research outputs found
Privacy Oriented Software Development
No full textThreats to applications security are continuously evolving thanks to factors such as progress made by the attackers, release of new technologies, use of increasingly complex systems. In this scenario, it is necessary to implement both design and programming practices that guarantee the security of the code on one hand, and the privacy of the data, on the other. This paper proposes a software development approach, Privacy Oriented Software Development (POSD), that complements traditional development processes by integrating the activities needed for addressing security and privacy management in software systems. The approach is based on 5 key elements (Privacy by Design, Privacy Design Strategies, Privacy Pattern, Vulnerabilities, Context). It can be applied forward for developing new systems and backward for re-engineering an existing one. This paper presents the POSD approach in the backward mode together with an experimentation in the context of an industrial project. Results show that POSD is able to discover software vulnerabilities, identify the remediation patterns needed for addressing them in the source code and design the target architecture to be used for guiding privacy-oriented system reengineering
Software Models for Source Code Maintainability: A Systematic Literature Review
No full textIn this study, we collected evidence from empirical studies published over two decades-from 1995 to 2018-to answer the following general research question: 'What is the current existing empirical evidence concerning the use of software modeling to support source code maintenance?' We carried out a systematic literature review on research published in relevant journals, as well as conference and workshop proceedings, to investigate various aspects of our general research question. Although there is a common belief that software models are beneficial for source code maintainability, this aspect has been scarcely investigated in the literature and only a few empirical studies have been conducted in an industrial context. Moreover, most of the used models are UML. As so, our study shows that there is a small body of research related to this field
A Visual Tool for Supporting Decision-Making in Privacy Oriented Software Development
No full textNowadays, the dimension and complexity of software development projects increase the possibility of cyber-attacks, information exfiltration and data breaches. In this context, developers play a primary role in addressing privacy requirements and, consequently security, in software applications. Currently, only general guidelines exist that are difficult to put in operation due to the lack of the required security skills and knowledge, and to the use of legacy software development processes that do not deal with privacy and security aspects. This paper presents a knowledge base, the Privacy Knowledge Base (PKB), and the VIS-PRISE prototype (Visually Inspection to Support Privacy and Security) a visual tool that support developers' decisions to integrate privacy and security requirements in all software development phases. An initial experimental study with junior developers is also presented
Congenital heart defects in cattle
No full textCongenital heart defects (CHD) are cardiac diseases present at birth and a prevalence of 0.2% to 2.7% has been reported in cattle. How-ever, the real prevalence of bovine CHD could be underestimated because of the scarcity of surveillance programs and the low economical value of young animals, this leads the farmers to limit further diagnostic tests in calves suspected to have CHD. Moreover, many calves can have asymptomatic CHD that go undetected or die during the perinatal period before veterinary examination. The precise cause of CHD is not known in cattle and external teratogens or genetic factors can be implicated in the genesis of CHD. The use of selected sires for intensive breeding programs, especially in some of breeds with low population size, has increased the “inbreeding grade” that could be responsible for CHD. Congenital cardiac defects can be classified by various criteria and, in relation to the presence of cyanosis of the mucous membranes, they can be subdivided into cyanogenic or non-cyanogenic CHD. Ventricular septal defects, atrial septal defects and persistent ductus arteriosus are the most frequently reported non-cyanogenic CHD in cattle. Complex CHD such as conotrun-cal anomalies (tetralogy of Fallot, complete transposition of the great arteries and double-outlet right ventricle) are commonly described as cyanogenic CHD. Rare CHD such as malformations of atrioventricular valves, outflow tract obstructions and anomalies of vessels connected to the heart are less frequently diagnosed in the bovine species. This review aims to provide a summary of the most com-mon CHD reported in cattle with the iconographic support from the authors’ experience, offering thus an overview of which congenital anomalies should be considered during the evaluation of cattle suspected to have CHD. A precise diagnosis can be useful in cases with isolated defects, which can be associated with a favorable prognosis; likewise, it can be important an accurate and early diagnosis in cases with severe and complex malformations, often associated with a poor prognosis for long-term productivity and survival. This is of primary importance in order to avoid unnecessary treatments or animal suffering
Application of Ultrasound in Detecting and Removing Migrating Grass Awns in Dogs and Cats: A Systematic Review
No full textMigrating grass awns are an important cause of disease in dogs and cats. Plant awns can migrate into several body tissues and cavities because of their fusiform shape and backward-pointing barbs. Their migration causes inflammatory tissue reaction and clinical signs depend upon their localization. Ultrasound has been described as a useful, noninvasive, and readily available tool to identify and guide vegetal foreign bodies removal in animals. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize current knowledge on the application of ultrasonography in the identification and removal of grass awns from various anatomic locations in dogs and cats. We selected and analyzed 46 papers on the application of ultrasonography in dogs and cats affected by migrating grass awns. The ultrasonographic appearance of grass awns is characteristic, although their size and location can influence the visualization and the attempt of removal. In some cases, migrating grass awns are not directly visualized by ultrasonography, but the lesions caused by their migration can be easily seen. Ultrasonography can be considered a useful diagnostic tool to localize and remove migrating grass awns; however, when the migration occurs in less accessible locations or discrete foreign bodies are present, this diagnostic tool should be considered as a part of a multidisciplinary approach with advanced diagnostic imaging modalities
Left-sided congestive heart failure in a dog with intraventricular rhabdomyosarcoma
No full textCASE REPORT A 9-year-old female Labrador Retriever was referred for evaluation of a 7-day history of exercise intolerance and dyspnoea. Thoracic radiographs showed moderate left atrial enlargement and severe pulmonary oedema. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a heterogeneous hyperechoic mass extending from the left inflow tract to the outflow tract and protruding through the aortic ostium during systole. Spectral Doppler echocardiography was consistent with left ventricular inflow and outflow tract obstruction secondary to the mass. Because of the lack of response to treatment and the poor prognosis, the dog was euthanased and necropsy was performed. A large intracavitary mass, originating from the left ventricular free wall, filled the ventricular cavity. Mitral leaflets were distorted and thickened with shortened chordae. Microscopic findings were consistent with a rhabdomyosarcoma. CONCLUSION This report describes an intracavitary left ventricular rhabdomyosarcoma in a dog, causing left ventricle outflow tract obstruction and functional mitral stenosis that was clinically associated with pulmonary oedema
Intrusion detection for in-vehicle communication networks: An unsupervised kohonen SOM approach
Full text linkThe diffusion of embedded and portable communication devices on modern vehicles entails new security risks since in-vehicle communication protocols are still insecure and vulnerable to attacks. Increasing interest is being given to the implementation of automotive cybersecurity systems. In this work we propose an efficient and high-performing intrusion detection system based on an unsupervised Kohonen Self-Organizing Map (SOM) network, to identify attack messages sent on a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. The SOM network found a wide range of applications in intrusion detection because of its features of high detection rate, short training time, and high versatility. We propose to extend the SOM network to intrusion detection on in-vehicle CAN buses. Many hybrid approaches were proposed to combine the SOM network with other clustering methods, such as the k-means algorithm, in order to improve the accuracy of the model. We introduced a novel distance-based procedure to integrate the SOM network with the K-means algorithm and compared it with the traditional procedure. The models were tested on a car hacking dataset concerning traffic data messages sent on a CAN bus, characterized by a large volume of traffic with a low number of features and highly imbalanced data distribution. The experimentation showed that the proposed method greatly improved detection accuracy over the traditional approach
Atrial fibrillation in two healthy Chianina cows
No full textAtrial fibrillation is a cardiac arrhythmia which frequently occurs in human and veterinary medicine. This arrhythmia has been reported in cattle and it is commonly recorded in animals affected by underlying cardiac diseases or in association with gastrointestinal disease, abdominal pain, metabolic diseases and electrolyte disturbances. Idiopathic atrial fibrillation has been also described in apparently healthy Holstein dairy cows with an incidence of 2.5%. The aim of this report is to describe for the first time the presence of primary and persistent atrial fibrillation in two Chianina cows without underlying diseases detected using routine diagnostic tests. The cows, apparently healthy, were examined for a disturbance of the heart rhythm in a farm of central Italy. Electrocardiographic examination confirmed the presence of atrial fibrillation with ventricular response rate of 80 bpm in both cows. Transthoracic echocardiography showed no structural heart diseases; results of the hematological and serum biochemical profile were unremarkable. No increase in troponin I concentration was revealed. Both cows were rechecked in a period of 14 months and no changes were observed at the physical and electrocardiographic examination. Both cows delivered a healthy calf during this period without calving difficulties or health problems. Based on the history, clinical findings and outcome, atrial fibrillation in both cows was considered primary and persistent in absence of underlying diseases. Being the heart rate in normal limits during the period of observation, treatments were not recommended. Atrial fibrillation can occur in healthy Chianina cows with no apparent underlying diseases and without compromising the reproductive performance. Evaluation of arrhythmias in cows can be a diagnostic challenge for veterinarians because of not-practical use of standard electrocardiographic machines, cables, and electrodes in field. However, new portable devices can be more easily available in farm and they can provide useful information for the diagnosis and prognosis in affected cattle
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