1,720,962 research outputs found
Un approccio basato su DBpedia per la sistematizzazione della conoscenza sul Web
Get PDFLa tesi propone una strategia per la sistematizzazione della conoscenza sul Web basata sui concetti presenti in DBpedia e finalizzata alla riduzione dell'information overload. L'opportunità dell'utilizzo di DBpedia è sostenuta sia da aspetti puramente tecnici sia da valutazioni più teoriche. Essendo DBpedia collegata a un vasto corpus multilingue preannotato di carattere enciclopedico (Wikipedia), essa risulta tecnicamente molto adatta ad essere utilizzata per procedimenti automatici di Natural Language Processing e di Text Mining. In aggiunta, i concetti presenti in DBpedia sono il risultato di un consenso semantico raggiunto in maniera collaborativa dalla comunità degli internauti. Un criterio efficace di classificazione sul Web non può essere imposto dall'alto, ma deve seguire gli stessi principi di libertà e trasparenza che hanno da sempre costituito l'essenza di Internet. Il primo capitolo della tesi descrive Wikipedia come un frutto di quell'intelligenza collettiva e di quella cultura collaborativa che sembrano emergere come i tratti costitutivi delle comunità in Rete. Vengono esaminate le posizioni di diversi autori sui concetti di intelligenza collettiva (come Pierre Lévy, James Surowiecki, David Weinberger, Micheal Nielsen) e di cultura collaborativa (tra cui Yochai Benkler, Manuel Castells, Henry Jenkins, Eric Raymond, Raffaele Meo). È proposta un'analisi dei punti di forza e di debolezza di Wikipedia per cercare di capire come tali aspetti possano influenzare la sua validità quale corpus annotato per la classificazione dei documenti online. Il secondo capitolo prende in esame DBpedia, inserendola nel contesto più ampio dei Linked Open Data. Si focalizza sui meccanismi tecnici che permettono la trasformazione della conoscenza semi-strutturata presente in Wikipedia nella conoscenza strutturata di DBpedia. DBpedia è vista come lo strumento più adatto per costruire un'ontologia della Rete condivisa e distribuita e per sistematizzare la conoscenza presente su Internet. Nel terzo capitolo viene descritta una soluzione software basata sull'utilizzo di tecnologie semantiche in grado di classificare automaticamente i documenti sul Web sulla base delle risorse presenti in DBpedia. Sono esposti il funzionamento e la metodologia del software TellMeFirst (http://tellmefirst.polito.it), sviluppato dal tesista nell'arco del 2011-2012 all'interno del Dipartimento di Automatica ed Informatica del Politecnico di Torino e in virtù di un grant Working Capital da parte di Telecom Italia. Nel quarto capitolo è delineato un possibile scenario futuro, frutto di questo processo di classificazione. Ogni concetto presente in Wikipedia diventa un Gateway per un insieme di documenti ordinati secondo la loro attinenza all'argomento stesso. Ognuno di questi Gateway si può configurare come un motore di ricerca semantico su un sottoinsieme di documenti del Web, dove si possono effettuare ricerche specifiche per sottoargomento o per argomenti correlati. I DBpedia Gateways possono essere contenuti o linkati direttamente nelle pagine di Wikipedia, come punto di partenza per approfondire un argomento specific
Exploiting Linked Open Data and Natural Language Processing for Classification of Political Speech
Get PDFThis paper shows the effectiveness of a DBpedia-based approach for text categorization in the e-government field. Our use case is the analysis of all the speech transcripts of current White House members. This task is performed by means of TellMeFirst, an open-source software that leverages the DBpedia knowledge base and the English Wikipedia linguistic corpus for topic extraction. Analysis results allow to identify the main political trends addressed by the White House, increasing the citizens' awareness to issues discussed by politicians. Unlike methods based on string recognition, TellMeFirst semantically classifies documents through DBpedia URIs, gathering all the words that belong to a similar area of meaning (such as synonyms, hypernyms and hyponyms of a lemma) under the same unambiguous concept
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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