196,585 research outputs found
Requirements of high heat flux for fusion reactors components. Revised models and correlations to predict critical heat flux in subcooled flow boiling
No full textThe present paper provide an analysis of available experimental data on critical heat flux (CHF) of subcooled flow boiling in water, in the ranges of interest of fusion reactors thermal-hydraulic conditions, i.e. high inlet subcooling and velocity, and small channel diameter and lenght. The aim of the study was to identify a new correlation based on a structure representing the relation of heat balance and using a non-linear regression analysis of the available data-set. The reference data-set covers a wide range of operating conditions in the frame of present interest (0.1 < p < 5.5 MPa; 0.3 < D < 15 mm; 10 < L < 30 cm; 2000 < G < 40000 kg/m2ùs; 90 < DTsub,i < 230 K).
In a previous study several correlations were analysed with a reduced data-set respect the present one, and others correlations were recently analyzed by Celata et al., Nariai et al. and Caira et al. Three correlations for critical heat flux, providing a consistent prediction of most of the data-set, were selected, namely Macbeth, Macbeth-Thompson and Gunther correlations.
A new correlation, based on the same structure of above and providing a sensible improvement in predictions (an RMS of 15.8% on the entire data-set of 544 points was obtained) was identified and analyzed with respect to various parameters influencing the CHF phenomenon
Pentaloculum grahami Bueno & Caira 2023, n. sp.
No full textPentaloculum grahami n. sp. (Figs. 3A–E, 4A–H, 5) ZooBank No. B8C37A6D-016A-4D85-A132-C6E7E1063BC3 Type and only known host: Parascyllium collare Ramsay and Ogilby, collared carpetshark; (Orectolobiformes: Parascylliidae Gill). Type locality: Crowdy Head, New South Wales, Australia (31°50’S, 152°45’E). Site of infection: Spiral intestine. Type specimens: Holotype (QM No. G240343) and two paratypes (QM Nos. G240344 – G240345); two paratypes and one SEM voucher (LRP Nos. 10947 – 10949); two paratypes (USNM Nos. 1678892 – 1678893). Scoleces prepared for SEM retained with JNC at the University of Connecticut. Sequence data: KF685749 and MK321595 (hologenophores, LRP No. 8344 [KJG-17, TE-166] and LRP No. 9956 [KJG-17, JW-147]). Etymology: This name honors fish biologist Ken Graham from the New South Wales State Fisheries and the Australian Museum who collected all specimens of Parascyillium collare examined in this study. Provisional names: New genus 1 n. sp. of Caira et al. 2001; New genus 7 n. sp. 1 of Caira et al. 2014 and Ruhnke et al. 2015; Pentaloculum n. sp. 2 of Eudy et al. 2019. Description. Based on one incomplete mature and six complete mature worms, and two scoleces observed with SEM. Worms apolytic, 12.1–51.6 (28.9 ± 15.7; 6) mm long, greatest width at level of terminal proglottid; 105–174 (131 ± 29; 6) proglottids per worm. Scolex 358–460 (406 ± 38.6; 7) long by 433–593 (516.9 ± 68.9; 7) wide, consisting of four muscular sessile bothridia. Bothridia broadly ovoid, 276–405 (348.5 ± 41.3; 6; 10) long by 230– 311 (254.2 ± 23.4; 5; 9) wide; each divided into five facial loculi arranged as one single anterior loculus followed by two consecutive pairs of loculi; septum dividing anterior pair of loculi slightly offset laterally from septum diving posterior pair of loculi (Figs. 3A, 4A). Cephalic peduncle lacking. Apex of scolex (Fig. 4C) covered with gladiate spinitriches and densely packed capilliform filitriches; distal bothridial surfaces (Fig. 4B) and proximal surfaces of margins of bothridia (Fig. 4E – G) densely covered with long-tipped aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches; proximal surfaces away from bothridial margins (Fig. 4H) densely covered with short-tipped wide aristate gladiate spinitriches, filitriches not observed; scolex proper (Fig. 4D) densely covered with gladiate spinitriches interspersed with capilliform filitriches. Proglottids craspedote. Immature proglottids 98–151 (127 ± 23.4; 6) in number, wider than long. Mature proglottids 2–11 (5.8 ± 3.8; 6) in number, wider than long (Fig. 3B), 330–830 (606.1 ± 220.6; 6; 10) long by 962– 1402 (1229 ± 150.9; 6; 10) wide, length:width ratio 0.3–0.9 (0.5 ± 0.2; 6; 10):1. Gravid proglottids 1–12 (5.2 ± 3.9; 6) in number, wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity (Fig. 3D), 954–4881 (3056.6 ± 1554.1; 6) long by 988–2512 (1407.8 ± 581; 6) wide. Genital pores marginal, irregularly alternating, 42–57% (52 ± 6; 5) of proglottid length from posterior margin in terminal-most mature proglottid.Testes30–58 (44.3± 10.5;5;6)in number, two layers deep, arranged in single field anterior to cirrus sac, oval in frontal view, 28–57 long (42.3 ± 9.7; 4; 12) by 74–123 (98 ± 15.6; 4; 12) wide. Vas deferens narrow, highly coiled, extending posteriorly to near level of ovary then anteriorly to enter cirrus sac at median margin. Cirrus sac (Fig. 3C) thin-walled, narrowly obovoid, containing coiled cirrus, 149–218 (181.1 ± 21.9; 5; 9) long by 333–629 (434.2 ± 86.8; 5; 9) wide; cirrus highly expanded at base, armed with small spinitriches. Vagina thick-walled, weakly sinuous, extending from ootype along medial line of proglottid to level of cirrus sac, then crossing cirrus sac ventrally and extending along anterior margin of cirrus sac to open into genital atrium anterior to cirrus; vaginal sphincter lacking; seminal receptacle lacking. Ovary near posterior end of proglottid, with slightly lobulated margins, H-shaped in frontal view, bilobed in cross-section, 446–537 (501.9 ± 29.8; 5; 9) at widest point by 78–237 (155.5 ± 52.4; 5; 18) long. Mehlis’ gland posterior to ovarian isthmus. Vitellarium follicular; follicles in two lateral bands; each band consisting of multiple columns of follicles, extending throughout length of proglottid, not interrupted by cirrus sac or ovary, converging posterior to ovary; vitelline follicles oval, 22–38 (29.6 ± 5.7; 5; 15) long by 28–52 (38.7 ± 8.1; 5; 15) wide. Uterus medial, saccate, ventral to vagina, extending anteriorly from ovarian isthmus to mid-level of testicular field. Excretory vessels four, arranged in one dorsal and one ventral pair on each lateral margin of proglottid. Oncospheres organized in cocoons (Fig. 5A–B). Cocoons spherical, containing 5–7 (6.1 ± 0.6; 1; 10) oncospheres, polar filaments lacking; oncospheres spherical, 50–81 (69.7 ± 5; 1; 10) long by 63–79 (71.6 ± 4.1; 1; 57) wide. Remarks. Pentaloculum grahami n. sp. differs from P. macrocephalum and P. hoi in total worm length (12.08 – 51.62 vs. 8 and 1.7–3.5 mm, respectively) and total number of proglottids (105–174 vs. 23 and 16–26, respectively). It can be further distinguished from P. macrocephalum and P. hoi in that its mature proglottids are wider than long, as opposed to longer than wide, and in that the ovary is H-shaped rather than inverted A-shaped. It further differs from P. hoi in that its cocoons lack, rather than possess, bipolar filaments. It is of note that Hayden and Campbell (1981) described Zyxibothrium kamienae as possessing eggs that were contained in a membranous intrauterine tube, rather than arranged in cocoons.Published as part of Bueno, Veronica M. & Caira, Janine N., 2023, Phylogenetic relationships, host associations, and three new species of a poorly known group of " tetraphyllidean " tapeworms from elasmobranchs, pp. 30-50 in Zootaxa 5254 (1) on pages 35-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5254.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/771079
Myzophyllobothrium narinari Jensen & Pen & Caira 2021, n. comb.
No full textMyzophyllobothrium narinari (Shipley and Hornell, 1906) n. comb. (Figs. 2A–C, 3, 4B–E) (Syn. Myzocephalus narinari Shipley and Hornell, 1906; Myzocephalus sp. 1 of Caira et al. 2014). Type and only known host: Whitespotted eagle ray, Aetobatus ocellatus (as Aetobatis [sic] narinari) (Myliobatiformes: Aetobatidae). Type locality: Dutch Bay, Sri Lanka (as Ceylon). Additional localities: Darwin (12°20'11"S, 130°54'39"E), Northern Territory, Australia (AU-41; see Caira et al. 2001, 2014); Sepuk Laut (00°12'51.60"S, 109°05'00.30"E), West Kalimantan, South China Sea, Indonesian Borneo (KA-304). Site of infection: Spiral intestine. Specimens deposited: Two mature worms (BRT-P nos. 004 and 005); five mature worms (USNM nos. 1655902– 1655906), scolex longitudinal (USNM no. 1655908) and cross-section series (USNM no. 1655907), and proglottid cross-section series (USNM no. 1655909); five mature worms (LRP nos. 10336–10340), scolex longitudinal section series (LRP nos. 10341–10346), and two SEM strobilar vouchers (LRP nos. 10347 and 10348); scolices examined with SEM retained with KJ at the University of Kansas. Sequence data: KF685887 (hologenophore, LRP no. 8280) ex Aetobatus ocellatus (AU-41) of Caira et al. (2014) (as Myzocephalus sp. 1); MZ189003 and MZ189004 (hologenophores, LRP nos. 10349 and 10350, respectively) ex Aetobatus ocellatus (SL-2); MZ189002 (hologenophore, LRP no. 10361) ex Aetobatus ocellatus (KA-304). Re-description. Based on 12 whole mature worms, cross-section series of one scolex, longitudinal-section series of two scolices, one cross-section series of mature proglottids, and two scolices examined with SEM). Worms euapolytic, slightly craspedote, 10.1–19.7 (14.9 ± 3; 12) mm long; proglottids 72–113 (93 ± 13; 12) in total number; maximum width at level of scolex (Fig. 2B). Scolex globular (Figs. 2A, 3A), 748–1,103 (926 ± 113.1; 9) long, 961–1,532 (1,247 ± 179.3; 12) wide, consisting of four acetabula and cephalic peduncle. Scolex proper 350–502 (426 ± 49.7; 12) wide. Acetabulum bothridiate in form, 200–294 (247 ± 30.6; 6; 10) long, biloculate, sessile anteriorly, free posteriorly; anterior loculus undivided, 81–120 (100 ± 11.5; 10; 20) long, 100–160 (130 ± 13.0; 10; 24) wide, without postero-lateral extensions; posterior loculus undivided, 100–197 (149 ± 25.8; 7; 11) long, 88–156 (122 ± 20.1; 9; 13) wide. Cephalic peduncle bearing four stalked remi (Figs. 3B, 4C); region between bothridia and remi, and region posterior to remi short; stalk short; remus voluminous (Fig. 3A, B), highly folded, wider than long, tapering terminally, with terminal primary areola (Fig. 2A, 3A, B); primary areola 56–99 (78 ± 13.6; 8; 11) long, 84–124 (104 ± 13.0; 6; 8); subterminal secondary areola not observed. Neck absent. Apex of scolex proper (Fig. 3C), distal surface of anterior loculus (Fig. 3D) and posterior loculus (Fig. 3E), proximal surface of anterior loculus and posterior loculus (Fig. 3F), distal (Fig. 3G) and proximal (Fig. 3H) surfaces of remus, and distal surface of primary areola covered with slender gladiate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches of varying densities; proximal surface of primary areola (Fig. 3I) covered with slender gladiate spinitriches and shorter capilliform filitriches; capilliform filitriches on rims of bothridia and remi conspicuous (Fig. 3J). Strobila covered with capilliform filitriches (Fig. 3K). Immature proglottids wider than long, becoming slightly longer than wide with maturity (Fig. 2B), 66–107 (87 ± 12; 12) in number; last immature proglottid 368–732 (550 ± 109.1; 12) long, 390–648 (519 ± 74.6; 12) wide. Mature proglottids becoming longer than wide posteriorly (Fig. 2C), 2–6 (4 ± 1; 12) in number; terminal mature proglottid 1,010 –1,600 (1,222 ± 180.1; 10) long, 360–649 (486 ± 103.2; 10) wide, length to width ratio 1.7–3.5 (2.6 ± 0.5; 10):1. Gravid proglottids not observed. Testes in field extending from anterior margin of proglottid to ovarian bridge, arranged in multiple columns, one irregular layer deep in cross section (Fig. 4D), 98–167 (133 ± 18; 12; 32) in total number, 21–38 (30 ± 4; 12; 32) in number in post-poral field, 19–41 (30 ± 5.4; 12; 36) long, 32–68 (50 ± 8.2; 12; 36) wide. Vas deferens coiled, essentially medial to cirrus sac. Cirrus sac pyriform, 155–267 (211 ± 31.4; 12) long, 108–160 (134 ± 18.9; 12) wide, thin-walled, containing coiled cirrus; cirrus armed with spinitriches. Genital pores irregularly alternating, 58–66% (62 ± 2.6; 10) of proglottid length from posterior end; genital atrium shallow. Vagina sinuous, extending from ootype along midline of proglottid, opening into common genital atrium anterior to cirrus sac. Ovary at posterior margin of proglottid, H-shaped in frontal view, 177–302 (232 ± 45.7; 10) long, 165–315 (229 ± 49.9; 10) wide, tetralobed in cross section (Fig. 4E); ovarian margins lobulated. Vitellarium follicular; follicles 12–43 (27 ± 6.9; 12; 36) long, 28–65 (46 ± 8.5; 12; 36) wide, arranged in two lateral bands; each band consisting of multiple irregular columns of follicles, encroaching in midline of proglottid, extending throughout length of proglottid, interrupted by terminal genitalia, uninterrupted by ovary. Uterus ventral, medial, extending from ootype region to level of cirrus sac; uterine duct sinuous, entering uterus at midpoint. Excretory vessels four, arranged in one dorsal and one ventral pair on each lateral margin of proglottid. Remarks. We have been unable to locate the type specimens of this species. Although this species is clearly recognizable based on the original description of the scolex and accompanying illustrations by Shipley and Hornell (1906), these authors were unable to provide a detailed description of the proglottid anatomy due to limitations of the material at hand, and thus presented only measurements of the main features of the species (total length, scolex width, and mature proglottid width). The specimens on which this re-description is based are generally consistent with the original description, however, they are smaller in several respects than those described by Shipley and Hornell (1906) (10.1–19.7 vs. 25 mm in total length; 748–1,103 vs. 2 mm in scolex width; 360–649 vs. 1mm in terminal proglottid width). Nonetheless, given this material came from the type host near the type locality, we have little doubt about its conspecificity with M. narinari and attribute the differences observed to intraspecific variation, or differences in fixation and/or variation in measurements taken from live versus preserved material. This re-description expands the concept of this species of Shipley and Hornell (1906) to include new information on scolex morphology. These authors (pg. 47) described this species to bear "four slipper shaped bothridia each divided by a horizontal ridge into two areolas" and a "ruff formed of four immensely crumpled lateral extensions". After viewing these highly mobile portions of the scolex in live worms, they contemplated whether this worm exhibited "a double set of bothridia". The terminology of their otherwise highly accurate account of the scolex of this species is revised here such that the lateral extensions are referred to as remi as defined by Jensen and Caira (2006). Histological sections (Fig. 4B) confirm that these represent extensions of the cephalic peduncle separate from the bothridia. In addition, as seen in other members of the genus, each of the bothridia of this species was found to bear a terminal primary areola. The re-description also provides the first detailed information on the proglottid anatomy and the microthrix pattern of this species. Myzophyllobothrium narinari differs from M. rubrum, M. chongi, M. gambangi, M. limae, and M. myliobatidis in possessing remi that are highly folded, rather than moderately or weakly folded. In addition, it is a smaller worm than M. rubrum (10.1–19.7 vs. 80 mm in total length [TL]). It is a larger worm than M. chongi, M. gambangi, M. limae, and M. myliobatidis (10.1–19.7 vs. 1.4–1.8, 1.1–2.1, 2.4–5, 1.4–3.4 mm in TL, respectively), with a greater number of testes (98–167 vs. 22–37, 22–36, 28–43, and 27–38, respectively). This is the species referred to by Caira et al. (2014) in their molecular phylogenetic analysis and in GenBank (KF685887) as Myzocephalus sp. 1. Although not included in the re-description, specimens of this species collected from the type host off West Kalimantan on the island of Borneo (GenBank no. MZ189002) and off the Northern Territory in Australia (KF685887) were included in our phylogenetic analysis. Despite slight differences in morphology (e.g., total length and scolex size) these specimens were found to be identical in sequence for 28S and are considered herein to be conspecific with the specimens of M. narinari from the type locality of Sri Lanka.Published as part of Jensen, Kirsten, Pen, Isabel A. M. & Caira, Janine N., 2021, A revision of the Rhoptrobothriidae (Cestoda: " Tetraphyllidea "), pp. 201-218 in Zootaxa 4999 (3) on pages 207-210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4999.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/511887
The role of primary antifungal prophylaxis in patients with haematological malignancies
No full textInvasive fungal Infections (IFIs) represent important complications in patients with haematological malignancies. Chemoprevention of IFIs may play an important role in this setting, but in the past decades the majority of antifungal drugs utilized demonstrated poor efficacy, particularly in the prevention of invasive aspergillosis. The new triazoles are a very useful antifungal drugs, more suitable for prophylaxis of IFIs than amphotericin B and echinocandins. In this review the main clinical data about antifungal prophylaxis with fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole are analyzed. At present posaconazole was appears to be the most efficacious azole in antifungal prophylaxis, particularly in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia
Larianimazione cardio-polmonare nei piccoli animali, moderni orientamenti di terapia
No full textVengono descritte le cause, la diagnosi e la terapia dell'arresto cardio-pomonare nei piccoli animali, con particolare attenzione alla sequenza delle manovre di supporto alle funzioni vitali ed ai dosaggi dei farmaci della rianimazion
Correlations to evaluate subcooled flow boiling critical heat flux in fusion reactor components
No full textSu di un caso di emopericardio osservato nel cane
No full textViene descritto un caso di emopericardio in un cane, la diagnosi clinica e radiologica, la terapia medica e la pericardiocentesi
Phylogenetic relationships, host associations, and three new species of a poorly known group of "tetraphyllidean" tapeworms from elasmobranchs
No full textBueno, Veronica M., Caira, Janine N. (2023): Phylogenetic relationships, host associations, and three new species of a poorly known group of "tetraphyllidean" tapeworms from elasmobranchs. Zootaxa 5254 (1): 30-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5254.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5254.1.
Zyxibothrium duffyi Bueno & Caira 2023, n. sp.
No full textZyxibothrium duffyi n. sp. (Figs. 7A– D, 8A–G) ZooBank No. A0050BAE-FA9B-439D-B546-66F6BBFB2883 Type and only known host: Brochiraja asperula (Garrick and Paul), smooth deep-sea skate; (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae Fowler). Type locality: Chatham Rise, New Zealand (44°0’S, 174°05’E). Site of infection: Spiral intestine. Type specimens: Holotype (NMNZ No. W.003925) and three paratypes (NMNZ Nos. W.003926 – W.003928); three paratypes (LRP Nos. 9785, 9990, 1045) and two SEM vouchers (LRP Nos. 9796, 10946); two paratypes (USNM Nos. 1678894 – 1678895). Scoleces prepared for SEM retained with JNC at the University of Connecticut. Sequence data: OQ186460 and OQ186461 (hologenophores LRP No. 9797 [CR-88-1, VB213] and LRP No. 9798 [CR-88-2, VB214]). Etymology: This name honors elasmobranch biologist Clinton Duffy from the Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand for his enthusiasm for elasmobranch parasites and for providing us with elasmobranch samples and their cestodes from New Zealand. Description. Based on eight complete mature worms, and one scolex observed with SEM. Worms euapolytic, 2.9–5.2 (4.2 ± 0.9; 6) mm long greatest width at level of scolex; 8–18 (14.4 ± 3.5; 8) proglottids per worm. Scolex consisting of four muscular bothridia and short cephalic peduncle. Scolex proper 374–805 (640.1 ± 147.4; 7) long by 556–737 (648.9 ± 63.6; 7) wide. Bothridia broadly ovoid, 342–629 (480.3 ± 90.5; 14; 7) long by 187–365 (290.5 ± 59.7; 6; 12) wide; each divided into five facial loculi arranged as one single anterior loculus followed by two consecutive pairs of loculi; septum dividing anterior pair of loculi slightly offset laterally from septum dividing posterior pair of loculi (Figs. 7A, 8A). Cephalic peduncle 65–248 (149.7 ± 73.8; 6) long by 218–274 (253.1 ± 20.5; 6) wide. Apex of scolex (Fig. 8B) densely covered with capilliform filitriches; distal bothridial surfaces (Fig. 8F) densely covered with gladiate spinitriches interspersed with long slender aristate gladiate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches; proximal surfaces of anteriormost loculus (Fig. 8C) and anterior pair of loculi (Fig. 8D) densely covered with long slender aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches; proximal surfaces of posterior pair of loculi (Fig. 8E) densely covered with long slender aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches, filitriches not observed; cephalic peduncle (Fig. 8G) densely covered with long slender gladiate spinitriches interspersed with long slender aristate gladiate spinitriches, filitriches not observed. Proglottids slightly craspedote. Immature proglottids 7–16 (13.1 ± 3.4; 8) in number, wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity (Fig. 7C). Mature proglottids 1– 2 (1.3 ± 0.5; 8) in number, longer than wide (Fig. 7D), 1031–1597 (1247.3 ± 182.7; 8) long by 310–564 (413.4 ± 77.1; 8) wide, length:width ratio 2.5–3.9 (3.1 ± 0.6; 8):1; gravid proglottids not observed. Genital pores marginal, irregularly alternating, 94–97% (96 ± 1; 8) of proglottid length from posterior margin in terminal mature proglottid. Testes 32–51 (39.6 ± 7.6; 6; 7) in number, two layers deep, arranged in single dorsal field extending from mid-level of proglottid to anterior margin of proglottid, oval in frontal view, 30–53 long (41.5 ± 6.8; 23; 8) by 45–82 (64.1 ± 11; 8; 23) wide. Vas deferens highly coiled posterior to cirrus sac, extending posteriorly to level of ovarian bridge and then anteriorly to enter cirrus sac at medial margin. Cirrus sac (Fig. 7B) thin-walled, pyriform, tilted posteriorly, containing coiled cirrus, 276–355 (318.1 ± 26.1; 7) long by 134–182 (157.7 ± 16.3; 7) wide; cirrus armed with small spinitriches. Vagina thick-walled, weakly sinuous, extending from ootype along medial line of proglottid to level of cirrus sac, crossing cirrus sac ventrally and extending along anterior margin of cirrus sac to open into genital atrium anterior to cirrus; vaginal sphincter lacking; seminal receptacle lacking. Ovary near posterior end of proglottid, with smooth margins, H-shaped in frontal view, bilobed in cross-section, symmetrical; 168–266 (207.3 ± 30.2; 8) at widest point, 243– 488 (328.4 ± 62.1; 8; 16) long. Mehlis’ gland posterior to ovarian isthmus. Vitellarium follicular; follicles in two lateral bands; each band consisting of multiple columns of follicles, extending anteriorly to midlevel of cirrus sac, converging posterior to ovary; vitelline follicles oval, 17–33 (24.7 ± 64.4; 8; 24) long by 16–36 (24.3 ± 5.8; 8; 24) wide. Uterus medial, saccate, ventral to vagina, extending anteriorly from ovarian isthmus to posterior margin of cirrus sac. Excretory vessels four, arranged in one dorsal and one ventral pair on each lateral margin of proglottid. Oncospheres not observed. Remarks. Zyxibothrium duffyi n. sp. differs from Z. kamienae most conspicuously in having five, rather than four, loculi on each bothridium. It can be further distinguished from Z. kamienae in that it is euapolyic rather than apolytic, possesses a greater number of testes (32–51 vs 19–24), and has a greater number of proglottids (8–18 vs 5–8).Published as part of Bueno, Veronica M. & Caira, Janine N., 2023, Phylogenetic relationships, host associations, and three new species of a poorly known group of " tetraphyllidean " tapeworms from elasmobranchs, pp. 30-50 in Zootaxa 5254 (1) on pages 40-41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5254.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/771079
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