1,721,207 research outputs found
Reflections on the unexpected laboratory finding of hemorheological alterations observed in some haematological disorders
Full text linkHyperviscosity syndrome is a clinical condition characterized by the slowing of blood flow through the vessels and it may be associated with several diseases. The nosographic classification of primary hyperviscosity conditions (Wells classification 1970) divided the primary hyperviscosity syndromes in polycythaemic, sclerocytemic and sieric. Recent and personal laboratory observations have highlighted an unexpected behaviour of the erythrocyte deformability observed in some haematological disorders such as polycythemia vera, multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. The interest of this observation depends on the fact that up to now, according to the Wells classification, the hemorheological alteration present in PV was related to the increase of RBC mass while that present in MM and MGUS was attributable to the abnormality of plasma or serum viscosity only. Through an extensive research among the literature, using MEDLINE/PubMed to identify all published reports on the hyperviscosity syndromes, issues that until now have been dealt with separately will therefore be analyzed in a unique paper, allowing a global view. The aim of this paper is to provide some suggestions for reflection and emphasizing the need of a nosographic framework of hyperviscosity that, probably, deserves to be reviewed
Resting energy expenditure and body composition in morbidly obese, obese and control subjects
No full textResting energy expenditure (REE) was investigated by indirect calorimetry in relation to body composition and to different degrees of obesity in order to assess if a defective energy expenditure contributes to extra body fat accumulation. Differences were found between control subjects (group C; BMI 23±0.5 kg/m2, REE 5890±218 kJ/day; mean±SEM) and obese subjects (group O; BMI 34.2±0.9 kg/m2, REE 7447±360 kJ/day;P<0.0001) and between group C and morbidly obese subjects (group MO; BMI 49.9±1.6 kg/m2, REE 8330±360 kJ/day;P<0.0001); REE was not significantly different between groups O and MO. Body composition data were obtained by means of body impedance analysis. Even though group MO had a fat mass higher than group O, body cell mass, the metabolically active body compartment, was similar in groups O and MO, and this fact may have contributed to the similar REE in the two groups. Multiple regression analysis gave the following equation as the best predictor of REE: REE (kJ/day)+1591±49BW+74BCM-737G (R2=0.88), where BW is body weight, BCM is body cell mass and G is a dummy variable coding group membership (group C=1; group O=2; group MO=3). Thus the analysis showed a negative impact of obesity on REE beyond body composition variables. © 1994 Springer-Verlag
Resting metabolic rate and postabsorptive substrate oxidation in morbidly obese subjects before and after massive weight loss
No full textOBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and postabsorptive oxidation of carbohydrates (CHO), lipids (LIP) and proteins (PT) in morbidly obese subjects after long-term stable massive weight reduction. DESIGN: Longitudinal, intervention study of a bilio-pancreatic by-pass. SUBJECTS: Ten (Four men, six women) obese subjects (BMI: 53.7 ± 2.1 kg/m2, men, nine women) control subjects (BMI: 21.4 ± 1.0 kg/m2). MEASUREMENTS: RMR and substrates oxidation (indirect calorimetry), body composition (bioelectrical impedance), plasma concentrations of glucose, FFA, insulin and thyroid hormones before (T0, prior to surgery), during (T1: 1-3 months, and T2: 9-16 months following surgery) and after (T3: 36-42 months following surgery) massive weight loss. RESULTS: At T3 BMI proved to be stably reduced to 32.9 ± 1.3 (P < 0.0001). The RMR progressively reduced both in absolute value (T3: -2566 kJ/24 h; P < 0.0001 vs T0) and normalized for fat-free mass (FFM; T0: 123 ± 3.8, T1: 109 ± 3.3, T2: 112 ± 7.1, T3: 105 ± 4.6 kJ/kg-FFM·24 h; P < 0.05). At T3 the normalized RMR became significantly lower than the corresponding value of a control group (118 ± 2.5 kJ/kg-FFM.24 h; P < 0.01). The long term trend in substrates oxidation showed that CHO oxidation increased while LIP oxidation decreased; PT oxidation did not significantly change for the whole of the study. CONCLUSION: Previously morbid obese subjects have an energy sparing metabolism and a normal postabsorptive oxidation of LIP and CHO
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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