322,907 research outputs found
Contractual Networks, Inter-Firm Cooperation and Economic Growth
No full textThis insightful book presents a legal and economic analysis of inter-firm cooperation through networks as an alternative to vertical integration. It examines comparatively various forms of collaboration, ranging from consortia to multiparty joint ventures and from franchising to dealerships. Collaboration among firms of different sizes helps to overcome numerousweaknesses of the modern western industrial systems. It permits the governing of vertical disintegration without increasing fragmentation and transaction costs and allows firms to benefit from resource complementarities, favoring division of labour. The contributing authors, primarily focusing on Europe and the US, address important ways in which legal systems provide a framework for inter-firm coordination. It is clear from the analysis that significant obstacles to collaboration still remain, and the authors call for legal reforms at European and Member States level.1. Introduction F. Cafaggi
2. Cooperation, Long-term Relationships and Open-endedness in Contractual Networks F. Gomez
3. Do Inter-Firm Networks Make Access to Finance Easier? - Issues and Empirical Evidence D. Scalera and A. Zazzaro
4. Contractual Networks and Contract Theory: A Research Agenda for European Contract Law F. Cafaggi
5. Contractual Networks in German Private Law S. Grundmann
6. Linked Contracts Under French Law C. Aubert de Vincelles
7. Contract Networks, Freedom of Contract and the Restructuring of Privity of Contract S. Whittaker
8. Interfirm Networks Across Europe: A Private International Law Perspective F. Cafaggi and S. Clave
Public and Private Regulation: Mapping the Labyrinth. CEPS Working Document No. 370, October 2012
No full textPrivate governance is currently being evoked as a viable solution to many public policy goals. However, in some circumstances it has shown to produce more harm than good, and even disastrous consequences as in the case of the financial crisis that is raging in most advanced economies. Although the current track record of private regulatory schemes is mixed, policy guidance documents around the world still require that policy-makers give priority to self- and co-regulation, with little or no additional guidance being given to policymakers to devise when, and under what circumstances, these solutions can prove viable
from a public policy perspective. With an array of examples from several policy fields, this paper approaches regulation as a public-private collaborative form and attempts to identify possible policy tools to be applied by public policy-makers to efficiently and effectively
approach private governance as a solution, rather than a problem. We propose a six-step theoretical framework and argue that IA techniques should: i) define an integrated
framework including both the possibility that private regulation can be used as an alternative or as a complement to public legislation; ii) involve private parties in public IAs in order to define the best strategy or strategies that would ensure achievement of the
regulatory objectives; and iii) contemplate the deployment of indicators related to governance and activities of the regulators and their ability to coordinate and solve disputes with other regulators
Further New Diterpenoids from Salvia miniata Fernald (Lamiaceae)
No full textIn course of our search on Salvia metabolites for the identification of new herbicides with diterpene and triterpene skeletons [1, 2] we have continued the study on Salvia miniata Fernald [3], a Mexican species whose aerial part exudate in a preliminary test showed anti-germinative activity against Papaver rhoeas L. and Avena sativa L., chosen on the basis of evaluating the seed germination response respectively of a common invasive species and of a common crop species. From Salvia miniata we had already isolated some new and known di- and triterpenes [4]; here we report two new compounds, obtained from the chromatographic separation of not previously considered fractions. The surface exudate, obtained by rinsing the plant material with CH2Cl2, and subjected to repeated column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel and to reversed-phase semi-preparative HPLC, yielded two new clerodane diterpenoids (1, 2) identified by IR and NMR analysis, including TOCSY, COSY, HSQC and HMBC experiments.
[1] Vyvyan JR. Allelochemicals as leads for new herbicides and agrochemicals. Tetrahedron. 2002; 58: 1631–1646. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(02)00052-2
[2] Dayan FE, Duke SO. Trichomes and root hairs: natural pesticide factories. Pesticide Outlook. 2003; 8: 175–178. doi:10.1039/b308491b
[3] Epling C. A Revision of Salvia, subgenus Calosphace. In: Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Vol.110. Fedde F. Berkley, California: University of California Press,1940.
[4] Bisio A, Romussi G, Russo E, Cafaggi S, Fraternale D, De Tommasi N. New Clerodane Diterpenoids from Salvia miniata Fernald (Lamiaceae). Planta Med. 2008; 74: 1041. doi:10.1055/s-0028-108438
Salvia miniata Fernald (Lamiaceae): characterization of a new clerodane diterpenoid and phytotoxic activity of previously isolated diterpenes
No full textPlanta Med 2009; 75
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1234884
Salvia miniata Fernald (Lamiaceae): characterization of a new clerodane diterpenoid and phytotoxic activity of previously isolated diterpenes
A Bisio 1, D Fraternale 2, E Russo 1, G Romussi 1, S Cafaggi 1, G Caviglioli 1, N De Tommasi 3
1 Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche e Alimentari, Università di Genova, Via Brigata Salerno, 16147 Genova, Italia
2 Istituto di Botanica, Università di Urbino, Via Bramante 28, 61029 Urbino, Italia
3 Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Salerno, Italia
In a preliminary test, the aerial part exudate of Salvia miniata Fernald [1] showed anti-germinative activity against Papaver rhoeas L. and Avena sativa L. In this work, the antigerminative activity of previously isolated diterpenes [2] has been evaluated and the phytotoxicity (total germination inhibition at 60mg/L against Papaver and at 80mg/L against Avena) of one of these is described. Moreover, we report a new compound obtained from the chromatographic separation of a not previously considered exudate fraction. The surface exudate, obtained by rinsing the plant material with CH2Cl2, and subjected to repeated column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel and to semi-preparative reversed-phase HPLC, yielded a new clerodane diterpenoid (1), identified by IR and NMR analysis, including TOCSY, COSY, HSQC, HMBC and ROESY experiments.
References: [1] Epling, C. (1940) A Revision of Salvia, subgenus Calosphace. In: Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Vol.110. Fedde F. Berkley, California: University of California Press.
[2] Bisio, A. et al. (2008) Planta Med. 74:1041-104
Legal Orderings and Economic Institutions
No full textTable of Contents
1. Law, economics, and institutional complexity: an introduction (F. Cafaggi, A. Nicita, U. Pagano)
Part I. Complexity in law and economics
2. The future of law and economics (T.S. Ulen)
3. Law and economics in historical perspective (D.C. North)
4. Legal positions and institutional complementarities (U. Pagano)
5. Legislate today or wait until tomorrow? An investment approach to lawmaking (F. Parisi, N. Ghei)
Part II. Private orderings, efficiency, and the role of the state
6. The enforcement of contracts and the role of the state (A. Schwartz)
7. Minimal liberty and the 'Coasean Liberal': boundaries and complementarities between the state and the market (A. Nicita, E. Savaglio)
8. Private orderings and intellectual property: what is the best incentive system? (N. Galliani, S. Scotchmer)
9. Fairness ad welfare: are they really competing values? (F. Dennozza)
Part III. Contractual incompleteness and the nature of endogenous enforcement
10. Costly contingent contracts: a failure of the Coase theorem (L. Anderlini, L. Felli)
11. Game-theoretic solutions to endogenous contractual incompleteness (F. Farina)
12. Customary contracts (H.P. Young)
13. Group relations and industrial districts (A. Battistini)
Part IV. Governance models and corporate ethics
14. What is corporations? The corporate personality controversy and the fiduciary principle in corporate governance (K. Iwai)
15. Fiduciary duties, models of firms, and organizational theories in the context of relational interdependencies (F. Cafaggi)
16. Incomplete contracts and corporate ethics: a game theoretical model under fuzzy information (L. Sacconi
Nuovi diterpenoidi clerodanici dall’essudato delle parti aeree di Salvia miniata Fernald.
No full textIl prodotto di secrezione delle strutture epidermiche vegetali è coinvolto nelle interazioni pianta-pianta e pianta-ambiente [1-2], ed i suoi componenti vengono rilasciati nell’ambiente tramite dilavamento fogliare, volatilizzazione o decomposizione residuale [3]. Poiché l’essudato delle parti aeree di Salvia miniata Fernald [4] aveva mostrato in precedenza attività erbicida contro Papaver rhoeas L. ed Avena sativa L. in un test preliminare (totale inibizione della germinazione a 5 mg/L sia su Papaver sia su Avena; LC50 1.05±0.4 mg/L su Papaver e 0.75±0.4 mg/L su Avena) si è proceduto all’isolamento dei componenti di superficie delle parti aeree fresche (1.2 kg) mediante immersione in CH2Cl2 per 20 s. L’essudato (5 g, 0.42% w/w di pianta fresca) è stato estratto con n-esano, fornendo una frazione solubile in esano (0.2 g) ed una insolubile in esano (2.85 g). Ripetute purificazioni cromatografiche del residuo insolubile in esano su Sephadex LH-20 (porzioni da 0.8 g, 53x2.5 cm, miscela eluente CHCl3/ CH3OH 70:30), e su Kieselgel 60 (porzioni da 1 g, 60x2.6 cm, eluite con miscele di n-esano-CHCl3 a polarità crescente) hanno fornito vari gruppi di frazioni, da cui in precedenza erano stati ottenuti diversi nuovi composti [5-7]. Inoltre, sono stati isolati due nuovi diterpeni clerodanici, tramite HPLC-MS e MS2 seguiti da RP-HPLC preparativo (eluenti: A: CH3OH con 0.005% HCOOH, B: H2O con 0.1% HCOOH, gradiente lineare da 30% a 90% di B in 40 min). 1 (22.1 mg) è stato ottenuto al 49% di B (Rt = 19 min). 2 (10.6 mg) è stato ottenuto all’88% di B (Rt = 38 min). Entrambi i composti sono stati identificati tramite spettroscopia UV, IR ed NMR, includendo esperimenti TOCSY, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, ed analisi ESI-TRAP-MS e HR-MS. Riferimenti [1] R.G. Kelsey, G.W. Reynolds, E. Rodriguez In: Rodriguez E, Healey PL, Metha J, eds. Biology and chemistry of plant trichomes. New York: Plenum Press, 1984, 187-241; [2] E. Werker In: Advances in Botanical Research. Vol. 31. San Diego: Academic Press, 2000, 77-111; [3] C.H. Chou In: Allelopathy – A Physiological Process with Ecological Implications, MJ Reigosa, et al. Eds., Springer: Dordrecht, The Nederlands, 2006, 1-10; [4] C. Epling A Revision of Salvia, subgenus Calosphace. In: Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Vol.110. Fedde F., University of California Press: Berkley, California, 1940, 292-293; [5] A. Bisio, G. Romussi, E. Russo, S. Cafaggi, D. Fraternale, N. De Tommasi Planta Medica- 7th Joint Meeting of AFERP, ASP, GA, PSE & SIF, 2008, 1041; [6] A. Bisio, G. Romussi, E. Russo, S. Cafaggi, D. Fraternale, D. Ricci, N. De Tommasi XVII Congresso Italo-Latino Americano di Etnomedicina, 2008, 106; [7] Bisio A, Fraternale D, Russo E, Romussi G, Cafaggi S, Caviglioli G, De Tommasi N. 2009. Planta Medica, 57th International Congress of the GA, Geneva, Switzerland, 2009, 75, 105
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pharmacokinetics of piroxicam in rheumatoid arthritis:relationship between plasma and synovial levels.
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