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Newly discovered fossils provide novel insights on the biology of the South American Miocene snake Colombophis Hoffstetter & Rage, 1977
No full textAlfonso-Rojas, Andrés, Vanegas, Rubén D., Mariño-Morejón, Elizabeth, Cadena, Edwin-Alberto (2023): Newly discovered fossils provide novel insights on the biology of the South American Miocene snake Colombophis Hoffstetter & Rage, 1977. Geodiversitas 45 (13): 377-399, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a1
FIG. 10 in Newly discovered fossils provide novel insights on the biology of the South American Miocene snake Colombophis Hoffstetter & Rage, 1977
No full textFIG. 10. — Phylogenetic relationships of Colombophis Hoffstetter & Rage, 1977. Strict consensus tree from 79 most parsimonious trees, bootstrap percentages> 50% are shown below the branches. Major clades: A, Scolecophidia; B, Alethinophidia; C, Uropeltoidea; D, Caenophidia; E, Pythonoidea; F, Booidea.Published as part of Alfonso-Rojas, Andrés, Vanegas, Rubén D., Mariño-Morejón, Elizabeth & Cadena, Edwin-Alberto, 2023, Newly discovered fossils provide novel insights on the biology of the South American Miocene snake Colombophis Hoffstetter & Rage, 1977, pp. 377-399 in Geodiversitas 45 (13) on page 390, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a13, http://zenodo.org/record/815717
FIG. 3. — Podocnemis tatacoensis n in A new fossil turtle ends the controversy on the occurrence of the extant genus Podocnemis Wagler, 1830 at the Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia
No full textFIG. 3. — Podocnemis tatacoensis n. sp. details of its anatomy: A, B, close-up of the keeled neurals 2-4; C, D, left costal 1 in ventral view, sowing the shape of the axillary scar; E, left posterior margin of the carapace showing the bone predation trauma occurred to the peripherals; F, left peripherals 10-11 where the bone healed from the injury increasing the thickness and smoothing the surface; G, H, view of the right pelvic girdle; I, J, close-up of the three lateral musk foramina of the left hyoplastron-peripherals region. Abbreviations: axs, axillary scar; co, costal; hyo, hyoplastron; ili, ilium; isc, ischium; ker, keel rigde; M, marginal scute; mfo, musk foramina; ne, neural; sp, suprapygal; P, pleural scute; pe, peripheral; pub, pubis; py, pygal; res, resin; V, vertebral scute; xip, xiphiplastron. Scale bars: A, B, E, G, H, 2 cm; C, D, 1 cm; F, I, J, 5 mm.Published as part of Cadena, Edwin-Alberto & Vanegas, Rubén Dario, 2023, A new fossil turtle ends the controversy on the occurrence of the extant genus Podocnemis Wagler, 1830 at the Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia, pp. 127-138 in Geodiversitas 45 (3) on page 133, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a3, http://zenodo.org/record/768229
FIG. 5. — Phylogenetic hypotheses including Podocnemis tatacoensis n in A new fossil turtle ends the controversy on the occurrence of the extant genus Podocnemis Wagler, 1830 at the Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia
No full textFIG. 5. — Phylogenetic hypotheses including Podocnemis tatacoensis n. sp.: A, strict consensus of 192 most parsimonious trees (MPTs), obtained from the first analysis (all taxa, all morphological characters), tree length (TL) = 1318, consistency index (CI) = 0.275, retention index (RI) = 0.741, see the full tree in Supplementary Data S3 (Appendix 3); B, close up of the Podocnemis clade shown in (A). C, close up of the Podocnemis clade obtained in the strict consensus from the second analysis excluding all fossil Podocnemis except P. tatacoensis n. sp., see the full tree in Supplementary Data S4 (Appendix 4), MPTs = 48, TL = 1310, CI = 0.277, and RI = 0.744. Bootstrap (upper) and Bremer support (lower) indices are shown for some clades in (B) and (C); D, close up of the Podocnemis clade obtained from the total evidence analysis that produced a single MPT, TL = 4225, CI = 0.699, and RI = 0.794, as in the morphology only analyses, P. tatacoensis n. sp. is found to be part of Podocnemis and closer to the extant P. unifilis and the fossil P. negrii. Symbol: *, fossil taxa.Published as part of Cadena, Edwin-Alberto & Vanegas, Rubén Dario, 2023, A new fossil turtle ends the controversy on the occurrence of the extant genus Podocnemis Wagler, 1830 at the Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia, pp. 127-138 in Geodiversitas 45 (3) on page 135, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a3, http://zenodo.org/record/768229
FIG. 9 in Newly discovered fossils provide novel insights on the biology of the South American Miocene snake Colombophis Hoffstetter & Rage, 1977
No full textFIG. 9. — Comparison of vertebrae ratios for Colombophis spp.: A, pr-po/h, vertebra length to high ratio; B, pr-po/pr-pr vertebra length to width ratio; C, cl/naw, centrum length to neural arch width ratio; D, pr-pr/h vertebra width to high ratio; E, zw/ctw, zygosphene width to cotyle width ratio; F, pr-po/naw, vertebrae length to neural arch width ratio.Published as part of Alfonso-Rojas, Andrés, Vanegas, Rubén D., Mariño-Morejón, Elizabeth & Cadena, Edwin-Alberto, 2023, Newly discovered fossils provide novel insights on the biology of the South American Miocene snake Colombophis Hoffstetter & Rage, 1977, pp. 377-399 in Geodiversitas 45 (13) on page 389, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a13, http://zenodo.org/record/815717
Colombophis spinosus Hsiou, Albino & Ferigolo 2010
No full text<p> <i>Colombophis spinosus</i> Hsiou, Albino & Ferigolo, 2010</p> <p>(Fig. 6)</p> <p> <i>Colombophis spinosus</i> Hsiou, Albino & Ferigolo, 2010: 371.</p> <p> REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — Fossil snake with similar characteristics of <i>C. portai</i> but differs as most vertebrae are significantly shorter than high (pr-po <h), and shorter than wide (pr-po <pr-pr). The neural arch is wider than long (pr-po <naw). In addition, a well-developed neural spine is present, also restricted to the posterior margin of the neural arch, with an elliptical to triangular shape in dorsal view. The prezygapophyses are laterally oriented with well-developed process and the synapophyses present a weak division.</p> <p>REFERRED MATERIAL. — VPPLT-0798, a mid-trunk vertebra (Fig. 6C); VPPLT-0864, a fragmentary mid-trunk vertebra; VPPLT-1093, eight associated mid-trunk vertebral fragments (Fig. 6D); VPPLT 1194, five associated mid-trunk vertebral fragments; VPPLT 1534 five unassociated vertebral fragments (Fig. 6F); VPPLT 1728, a mid-trunk vertebra (Fig. 6A, B); VPPLT-1741, four associated, anterior-trunk vertebrae (Fig. 6E).</p>Published as part of <i>Alfonso-Rojas, Andrés, Vanegas, Rubén D., Mariño-Morejón, Elizabeth & Cadena, Edwin-Alberto, 2023, Newly discovered fossils provide novel insights on the biology of the South American Miocene snake Colombophis Hoffstetter & Rage, 1977, pp. 377-399 in Geodiversitas 45 (13)</i> on page 382, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a13, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8157175">http://zenodo.org/record/8157175</a>
Podocnemis tatacoensis Cadena & Vanegas 2023, n. sp.
No full textPodocnemis tatacoensis n. sp. (Figs 1; 3) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D0A48C11-8B8C-44BE-AF28-E5348C9051B9 HOLOTYPE. — Specimen VPPLT-1727, nearly complete shell missing: left peripheral 1; the most anteromedial portion of nuchal; left costal 4; portions of left costals 2, 3, and 5; right costal 2, portions of right costal 5, peripherals 8, 9, and 10; portions of peripherals 9-11; portion of the left epiplastron, and the most anteromedial region of hyoplastron. DIAGNOSIS. — Podocnemis tatacoensis n. sp., differs from all other extant species of Podocnemis by having eight neurals, of which neural 8 interrupts the medial contact between costals 7 and the most anteromedial portion of costals 8. It shares with P. unifilis, P. vogli and P. erythrocephala three lateral musk ducts in each hyoplastron-peripherals contact. It shares with P. unifilis, P. sextuberculata and P. negrii keeled neurals. It shares with all extant Podocnemis spp. a nuchal bone being much wider than long. It shares with all extant and many fossil pelomedusoids (except P. pritchardi) a nearly rounded mesoplatra. It shares with all extant podocnemidids (Podocnemis spp., Erymnochelys madagascariensis and Peltocephalus dumerilianus) at least one musk foramen located at the most anterior tip of the sutural contact between hyoplastron and peripherals (axillary buttress region). TYPE LOCALITY. — La Repartidora locality (3°19’40.98”N, 75°5’58.63”W), La Tatacoa Desert, Huila Department, Colombia. ETYMOLOGY. — ‘ tatacoensis ’, from the Tatacoa Desert. STRATIGRAPHY, OCCURRENCE AND AGE. — Southeast from the Centro Poblado La Victoria, La Repartidora locality (3°19’40.98”N, 75°5’58.63”W), La Tatacoa Desert, Huila Department, Colombia. Lower segment of La Victoria Formation (Guerrero 1997), Middle Miocene (Serravallian) 13.778 ± 0.081 Ma (Flynn et al. 1997). San Alfonso Beds (Montes et al. 2021) (Fig. 2A). A Gr. Fm. M n . 1 Cartographic Units B AGE (Ma) System Series Stage MOLECULAR FOSSIL RECORD An 0 C 5 Formation R n An 5 C . 2 5 Undifferentiated Formation Villavieja 12.21±0.107 Ma 2.5 5.3 Peltocephalinae Villavieja El Cardón Beds Red 23 MIOCENE Serravallian Group Honda R C AAn 5 2 Cerbatana Cerbatana Tatacoa La Venta Beds Beds Cong Red Beds. 12.93 12.512 ± ± 0.23 0.102 Ma Ma 34 56 Formation R1 Tatacoa Chunchullo Chunchullo Beds Sandstone Sandstone Beds Beds 13.342±0.408 P Podocnemis Podocnemis. Ma expansa cf pritchardi. 66 Peltocephalus Podocnemis Victoria ABn 5 C Cerro Cerro Beds Gordo Gordo Sandstone Beds 13.651±0.107 Ma 85.74 Ma La 13.778±0.081 Ma 100 . La San Alfonso Beds Podocnemis tatacoensis n. sp. DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISONS Carapace The carapace of Podocnemis tatacoensis n. sp. (Fig. 1A, B) is elongated (23.2 cm maximum length) with anterior (16.5 cm) and posterior (17.5 cm) regions exhibiting almost similar width. This aspect shows wide variation among podocnemidids, but it is very common that the carapace of P. expansa, P. lewyana and P. sextuberculata are wider in the posterior region, a condition maintained during their ontogeny. A similar shape is exhibited by the fossil Podocnemis pritchardi (here reattributed to the genus), but is unknown for P. medemi (here reattributed to the genus) and P. negrii (Carvalho et al. 2002, here reattributed to the genus) due to preservation. The bone surface of P. tatacoensis n. sp. is smooth as in almost all other extant and fossil podocnemidids. The carapace exhibits a low domed shape in lateral and anterior views (Fig. 1 C-E). The nuchal bone of P. tatacoensis n. sp. is trapezoidal in shape, being much wider than long. This was considered to be a diagnostic feature of Podocnemis by Gaffney et al. (2011). The neural series is composed of eight bones. This contrasts all extant Podocnemis and the fossil P. negrii, which exhibit seven neurals. Some specimens of P. sextuberculata and P. lewyana exhibit six neurals, similar to the fossil P. pritchardi, as well as the extant podocnemidid Erymnochelys madagascariensis. The neural series number is unknown for P. medemi due to preservation. In the extant podocnemidid Peltocephalus dumerilianus the number of neurals can be either eight or seven. Neural 8 of P. tatacoensis n. sp. hinder a medial contact between costals 7 and the most anteromedial portion of costals 8, but does not reach the suprapygal, as can be the case of other turtles with eight neurals as for example the bothremydid Cearachelys placidoi (Gaffney et al. 2006). Neurals 2-4 are moderately keeled dorsally (Fig. 3A, B) as in P. sextuberculata, P. negrii and some P. unifilis. Podocnemis tatacoensis n. sp. has eight pairs of costals, eleven pairs of peripherals, a suprapygal and a pygal bone, as in all other extant and fossil podocnenimidids specifically and most pelomedusoids in general. Costal 1 exhibits a strong axillary scar on the ventral surface that occupies most of the central portion of the bone and projects onto peripherals 2 and 3 (Fig. 3C, D). The left posterior margin of the carapace of P. tatacoensis n. sp. shows a pathology affecting peripherals 10, 11 and pygal (Fig. 3E), potentially caused by a predator attack. There is evidence that the individual recovered from this injury via bone remodeling, expressed as a major thickening and smooth surface of bone in this region (Fig. 3F). The sulci left by the scutes are well preserved in P. tatacoensis n. sp., lacking cervical scute as in all other pelomedusoids. There were five vertebral scutes, vertebral 1 reaching peripherals 1 anterolaterally as in all other podocnemidids and many other pelomedusoids. Vertebrals 2-4 had almost similar width, and vertebral 5 reached peripherals 10. Despite minor variations in the shape, all these vertebrals exhibit the same contacts between each other and pleurals, as well as covered the same bones (neurals, costals, peripherals, suprapygal, and pygal) as in all other extant and fossil podocnemidids. Podocnemis tatacoensis n. sp. had four pleural and twelve marginal scutes, as is common for podocnemidids.Published as part of Cadena, Edwin-Alberto & Vanegas, Rubén Dario, 2023, A new fossil turtle ends the controversy on the occurrence of the extant genus Podocnemis Wagler, 1830 at the Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia, pp. 127-138 in Geodiversitas 45 (3) on pages 129-132, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a3, http://zenodo.org/record/768229
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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