1,721,056 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Cognition auditive verbale et musicale : développement chez l’enfant et marqueurs neurophysiologiques
No full textLes processus auditifs centraux jouent un rôle essentiel dans de multiples aspects de la vie quotidienne et sont particulièrement importants pour le développement de l’enfant. Les enfants souffrant de troubles du langage présentent souvent des déficits de cognition auditive, notamment pour la perception de la parole dans le bruit, l'attention auditive et la mémoire à court terme (MCT) auditive. Ceci souligne la nécessité d'examiner les processus auditifs centraux tôt dans l'enfance afin d’alerter sur les futures potentielles difficultés d'acquisition du langage et de la lecture. En particulier, de nombreuses études ont suggéré que la MCT auditive joue un rôle important dans le déficit phonologique qui serait à l'origine des troubles de l'apprentissage associés au langage. En outre, les déficits de la MCT auditive régulièrement associés aux troubles de l'apprentissage ne concernent pas seulement la MCT pour le matériel verbal, mais aussi pour le matériel musical. Bien que les études comportementales au cours du développement soient importantes pour améliorer notre connaissance des étapes de maturation que subissent ces processus auditifs, l'étude neurophysiologique de ces processus permet une cartographie plus approfondie et plus précise de leur dynamique au cours du développement. Une technique de neuro-imagerie relativement nouvelle, la spectroscopie fonctionnelle proche-infrarouge (fNIRS), est particulièrement adaptée pour de telles investigations. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons d'abord mené deux études comportementales dans lesquelles nous avons testé 100 enfants âgés de 5 à 10 ans sur leur capacité de perception de la parole dans le bruit et sur leur MCT auditive pour du matériel musical et verbal. Nous avons montré que ces deux processus n'étaient pas matures à l'âge de 10 ans et qu'ils subissaient une étape de maturation décisive vers l'âge de 7 ans. De plus, nous avons fourni des preuves de l'existence de mécanismes communs et distincts pour les processus sous-tendant la MCT musicale et verbale. Nous avons ensuite mené deux études neurophysiologiques dans lesquelles nous avons examiné la MCT auditive pour le matériel musical et verbal à l'aide de la fNIRS. Dans la première étude, nous avons mené deux expériences chez des adultes sains dans lesquelles nous avons montré l’engagement des régions préfrontales latérales dans des tâches de MCT auditive par rapport à des tâches de perception, confirmant ainsi des résultats d’études de neuro-imagerie antérieures. En outre, nous avons montré que le gyrus frontal inférieur (IFG) répondait de manière paramétrique à l'augmentation de la charge mnésique pour les tâches de MCT musicales et verbales. Enfin, nous avons observé une implication paramétrique différente de l’IFG pour le matériel musical et verbal, suggérant que la fNIRS peut capturer de manière fiable les changements dynamiques en relation avec les stratégies utilisées pour le matériel musical et verbal. Dans la deuxième étude, en cours de réalisation, nous étudions l'engagement des régions préfrontales latérales dans la MCT auditive pour du matériel musical et verbal chez des enfants au développement typique et des enfants souffrant de troubles de l'apprentissage liés au langage. Les premiers résultats obtenus chez 11 enfants au développement typique confirment l'intérêt de la fNIRS pour l’étude de l'implication des aires préfrontales dans la MCT auditive au cours du développement typique et atypique. Dans l'ensemble, ce travail de thèse a permis d'acquérir des connaissances sur le développement des processus auditifs centraux au cours de l’enfance, soulignant leur importance dans l'acquisition harmonieuse du langage et de la lecture par les enfants. De plus, nous avons démontré que la fNIRS est bien adaptée à l'exploration des processus auditifs centraux chez les adultes et chez les enfants au développement typique et atypique.Central auditory processes play a pivotal role in various aspects of everyday life and are particularly important for the comprehensive development of children, as they form the foundation for effective communication, language, and reading skills. Children with language-related disorders indeed often show impairments in auditory cognitive processes such as speech-in-noise perception, auditory attention, and auditory short-term memory (STM). This fact stresses the need to screen central auditory processes early in childhood in order to provide information about potential future language and reading acquisition difficulties. In particular, numerous studies have suggested that auditory STM plays a substantial part in the core phonological deficit that language-related learning disorders are thought to arise from. Moreover, the consistently observed auditory STM impairments in learning disorders does not only concern STM for verbal material but also musical material, suggesting for some cases a domain-general impairment of STM that goes beyond phonological material. While behavioral studies during development are important to increase our knowledge of the maturation steps that such auditory processes undergo, the neurophysiological investigation of these processes allow for a more in-depth and precise mapping of their dynamics during development. One relatively new neuroimaging technique, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), stands out for such investigations as it is silent and has minimal physical constraints, making it an ideal candidate for the investigation of the auditory modality in children and clinical populations. In the present work, we first conducted two behavioral studies in which we tested 100 children from 5 to 10 years old on speech-in-noise perception and auditory STM for musical and verbal material. We showed that both processes were not mature by 10 years of age and that both processes undergo a decisive maturation step around 7 years of age. Moreover, we uncovered evidence for shared (e.g., similar developmental trajectory) and distinct (e.g., correlation between musical STM and speech-in-noise perception, but not verbal STM) mechanisms for musical and verbal STM. We then conducted two neurophysiological studies in which we investigated auditory STM for musical and verbal material using fNIRS. In the first study, we conducted two experiments on healthy adults in which we showed the involvement of lateral prefrontal regions in auditory STM tasks when compared to perception tasks, thus confirming previous neuroimaging literature. Moreover, we showed that the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) parametrically responded to the increase of memory load for musical and verbal STM. Finally, we uncovered a different parametric involvement of the IFG for musical and verbal material, suggesting that fNIRS can reliably capture dynamic changes in relation to the strategy used for musical and verbal material. In the second ongoing fNIRS study, we are investigating the lateral prefrontal engagement in auditory STM for musical and verbal material in typically developing children (TD) and children with language-related learning disorders. Initial evidence in 11 TD children confirms the interest of fNIRS to study the involvement of prefrontal areas in auditory STM during typical and atypical development. Overall, this PhD work brings knowledge about the development of central auditory processes, highlighting their importance in children’s harmonious language and reading acquisition. Moreover, we provide evidence for the well-suitedness of fNIRS to explore central auditory processes in healthy adults and children with typical and atypical development
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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