1,720,962 research outputs found
Antonio Stradivari. Disegni, modelli, forme. Catalogo dei reperti delle Collezioni Civiche Liutarie del Comune di Cremona
No full textCatalogo con saggi scientifici dei reperti stradivariani conservati al Museo del Violino di Cremon
Color-based automatic detection of worn out varnishes on Stradivari's "Scotland University" violin back plate
No full textUV-induced fluorescence (UVIFL) photography is widely used in the study of artworks, in particular for the analysis of historical musical instruments (e.g., violins). This technique allows seeing important details, which cannot be observed with visible light, such as retouching, different paints coats, or worn areas of the superficial varnishes. However, the interpretation of UVIFL images may be very complex, in relation to preservation state of the analyzed artifact. The aim of this work is the development of a new tool able to automatically detect the presence of colors related to worn areas on the back plates of historical violins. The proposed solution is a program able to identify some peculiar color hues related to wear, find their position on the surface and compute their percentage respect to the total area. The study was performed on UVIFL imagery of Stradivari's Scotland University violin (1734) held in the Museo del Violino in Cremona (Italy)
3D Printer Technology and Violin Making Tradition: an Outlook on Potential Applications and Open Questions
No full textinvestments are focused on violins. Their economic value is due to many factors such as their history, the intangible value of their sound, and the myths associated with the greatest lutherie’s masters. Many historical instruments made by Stradivari, Amati, Guarneri, and Guadagnini are still played, and many others are preserved within public museums. The particular sound of these instruments depends partly on the musician who plays them, but primarily on the intrinsic characteristics of the violin. This is closely related to the design, the making technique, the varnish finishing, and the set-up, established a priori by the violin maker. The structural complexity of the violin and the difficulty of obtaining permission to perform scientific analysis have helped to maintain the mystery of what makes the sound of the historical instruments so suggestive, feeding the myths even more. Currently there are only a few scientific contributions published by international scientific journals relating to antique musical instruments. However, in recent years a portion of the contemporary lutherie community has demonstrated great curiosity about the area of applied research, recognizing it could be a means to rediscover the “know-how” of the masters. They believe that non-invasive characterization of historical materials and the modeling of geometries and
shapes, could enable the modern luthier to modify his or hertechnical approach, perfecting it more and more. The aim of the scientific research is thus the reconstruction of working processes followed by the ancient luthiers through a comparison between the analytical results and the bibliographic historical sources. Today the new Museo del Violino in Cremona hosts two laboratories of applied research at the University of Pavia and the Politecnico di Milano. Their teams of scientists are involved in the study of the historical instruments of the museum collection in order to put the contemporary violin maker even more in contact with the knowledge of antique violin making methods. The non-invasive diagnostic laboratory of the University of Pavia uses scientific facilities specifically adopted for these purposes, including VIS-UV photography, endoscopy, X-ray digital radiography, stereoscopy, FTIR reflection spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, and 3D laser scanning. Of particular interest to the violin making community is the possible opportunity to obtain 3D models of historical musical instruments via the 3D laser scanner and create some parts of them using a low cost 3D printer. Information gained with these non-invasive techniques would change the rules for the enjoyment of these repositories of cultural heritage in the safest possible way. The laboratory is currently developing a method for the acquisition of musical instrument 3D models, and performing trials of printing sections of these models with a desktop 3D printer
Antonio Stradivari archettaio
No full textIl contributo offre i risultati di un'analisi interdisciplinare mediante la quale è stato possibile attribuire alla bottega di Antonio Stradivari una serie di archetti conservati in diversi musei del mondo, che finora non era stato possibile riconoscere come prodotti di una specifica bottega di liuteria. Decisiva per il risultato si è dimostrata l'indagine paleografica delle annotazioni sui modelli per nasetti del Museo del Violino di Cremona
A multi-analytical non-invasive approach to violin materials: The case of Antonio Stradivari “Hellier” (1679)
No full textThe study and characterization of the materials of historic musical instruments, especially violins, represent an
important aim for scientists and conservators. In particular, the varnishes have been often investigated, even to
correlate their chemical characteristics with the sound produced by instruments. However, in the last years,
the attention has moved to the study of those materials (inlays, pigments, binders, fillers, glues) used by important
ancient violin makers, as Antonio Stradivari, to decorate the musical instruments in order to confer a higher
aesthetic value. Because of the importance of the ancient violins, the analytical investigations have to be performed
more and more with non-invasive methodologies, and this could be a strong shortcoming for the complexity
of the materials to study. Therefore, the scientific research has improving new methodological
approaches that could provide several results without touching the violins. The “Hellier” violin (1679), actually
held in Museo del Violino of Cremona (Italy), is one of the most important violin made by Antonio Stradivari
and represents a perfect example for the study of both varnishes and decorations. This contribution focuses on
the materials' characterization through different totally non-invasive diagnostic techniques: UV-induced visible
fluorescence imaging, optical microscopy, reflection FTIR spectroscopy, and XRF spectroscopy. In particular, reflection
infrared spectroscopy has been applied for the characterization of several organic substances historically
used to make the musical instruments, with the aim of achieving a correct interpretation of the violin varnish
spectra. The varnishes, the black strips of the purflings, the black fillers, and the white decorations of the inlays
were investigated. The preliminary results suggest the presence of (i) supposed resinous drying oil varnish, (ii)
metal-based ink used to dye the black filler of the inlays and the black strips of the purflings, and (iii) bone or
ivory as material for the white decorative elements of the inlays
Violins unveiled: a photogrammetric framework integrating multiband and spectroscopic data for in-depth examination of two musical instruments
Full text linkIn the field of cultural heritage (CH), non-invasive analyses, such as photogrammetry and multiband imaging (MBI), play a pivotal role as effective solutions for examining the morphology, materials, and state of preservation of an artifact. Gathering such information is particularly valuable since these data are complementary and provide a comprehensive perspective for an in-depth study of a wide variety of historically and artistically significant artifacts. Photogrammetry and MBI are commonly utilized for these purposes but typically as separate methodologies. This research seeks to address this limitation by integrating these datasets to enrich the information embedded within a 3D model, thereby facilitating the identification of areas subsequently analyzed using spectroscopic techniques. This study provides an in-depth analysis of two historically significant violins housed at the Museo del Violino in Cremona (Italy) contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of a specific category of artifacts that remains underrepresented in the existing literature. Furthermore, the technical workflow for integrating MBI data using the Physically Based Rendering (PBR) approach and Sketchfab, along with the interpretation of the resulting data, is presented
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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