323,081 research outputs found
THE SUSTAINABLE SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE AND COUNTRYSIDE DEVELOPMENT
No full textIt is increasingly obvious from our present investigations that we can hope to escape the controversies of the present day globalizing world only via sustainability, creativity, development of alternative energy resources and people’s cohesion. This applies particularly to the transitional problems of domestic agriculture arising from the change of political system in this country, where a systematic introduction of a sustainable regime for the development of agriculture and countryside would be especially desirable. The attainment of sustainability and countryside development is taking place simultaneously but independently in each country in the EU, but a deliberate combination of national strategies to draw on the advantages of interactions and interrelationships is perceived to be increasingly urgent. Brussels is yet to recognize the use of such a strategy. Globally sustainability has hardly made any noticeable advances so far, whereas at local levels confusion can be detected. For countryside development the LEADER programs based on local initiatives are being executed and for sustainability the LA-21 (Local Agenda 21) programs have been started. Based on the actual domestic situation, EU aspirations, the globalization phenomenon and present research, it can be stated with reasonable confidence that agricultural and countryside development combined with sustainability is of paramount importance in achieving a synergistic effect at all levels (local, regional and global), at all dimensions (natural environment, society and economics), in all forms of production and consumption (people’s and producers’ consumption) and for all participants (individuals, entrepreneurs, community organizations, politicians). The complex and dynamic system of sustainable agricultural and countryside development consists of sustainable production, sustainable farming system, sustainable enterprises, sustainable countryside and sustainable settlements. The described system may constitute the backbone of an independent countryside development program, because it corresponds perfectly well with changes of EU regulations expected between 2007 and 2013. A unified, programmed approach to sustainable agricultural and countryside development is particularly important in Hungary, because farmers and country people are pinning their hopes of improved living standard on such an approach, in place of the present system of dealing only with details, ignoring any interactions and even bringing about confrontations. With sustainable practices in agriculture and countryside development we can ensure the longterm preservation of the quality of natural resources exploited in agriculture and forestry and that of the country environment, the adaptation to global challenges, the fulfillment of increasing quality requirements, improved competitiveness and elevated living standard for farmers and country people, that at the same time contributes to the social advancement of whole society. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX A témakörben végzett eddigi vizsgálódásaink alapján egyre jobban kirajzolható, hogy a globalizálódó világ ellentmondásaiból való kilábalás a fenntarthatóságtól, a kreativitástól, az alternatÃv erÅ‘források térnyerésétÅ‘l és az emberek összefogásától remélhetÅ‘. Ez még inkább igaz a rendszerváltozás átalakulási, átmeneti gondjainak következményeivel veszÅ‘dÅ‘ hazai agrárgazdaságra és vidékre. A fenntarthatóság és a vidékfejlesztés kibontakozása az Európai Unióban egymástól függetlenül párhuzamosan halad, s nem sokkal jobb a helyzet az agrárpolitikában és vidékpolitikában, miközben a fenntarthatóság középpontba állÃtása, az agrár- és vidékfejlesztés tudatos összekapcsolása a kölcsönhatások és összefüggések elÅ‘nyeinek kamatoztatása érdekében egyre sürgetÅ‘bb. Brüsszel azonban mind a mai napig késik a felismerés érvényesÃtésével. Érdemleges elÅ‘relépés a 2007-2013 periódusban remélhetÅ‘. Tapasztalható, hogy a fenntarthatóság globális szintjén alig mutatható fel valamilyen eredmény, lokális szinten pedig a zavart jelzi, hogy a vidékfejlesztésben zajlanak a helyi kezdeményezésekre épülÅ‘ LEADER programok, a fenntarthatóság lokális programjaként pedig elindÃtották az LA-21-et (Local Agenda 21). A tényleges hazai helyzet, az EU törekvések, a globalizáció eseményei, vala-mint az eddigi kutatások alapján nyugodtan állÃtható, hogy az agrár- és vidékfejlesztés jövÅ‘jében a fenntarthatóság rendszerbe ötvözött érvényesÃtése a legfontosabb a szinergikus hatás elérése érdekében minden szinten (lokális, regionális, globális); minden dimenzióban (természeti környezet, társadalom, gazdaság); mind a termelési gyakorlatban, mind a fogyasztásban (lakossági és termelÅ‘i fogyasztás); minden szereplÅ‘ vonatkozásában (egyének, vállalkozók, közösségi szervezetek, politikusok). Az agrár- és vidékfejlesztés fenntartható komplex és dinamikus rendszere a fenntartható mezÅ‘-erdÅ‘gazdasági termelésbÅ‘l, a fenntartható gazdálkodási rendszerekbÅ‘l, a fenntartható vállalkozásokból, a fenntartható vidékbÅ‘l és a fenntartható településekbÅ‘l tevÅ‘dik össze. A vázolt rendszer egy korszerű agrár- és vidékfejlesztési program gerincét alkothatná, annál is inkább, mert ez teljesen megfelel az EU-ban elÅ‘irányzott 2007-2013 közötti szabályozás céljainak, mindenekelÅ‘tt a konvergenciának. A fenntartható agrár- és a vidékfejlesztés egységes rendszerben való szemlélete és programszerű megoldása Magyarországon különösen fontos, mert a gazdálkodók, a vidékiek ettÅ‘l remélhetik életnÃvójuk tartós javulását, a jelenlegi részletekben gondolkodó, az összefüggéseket mellÅ‘zÅ‘, sÅ‘t szembeállÃtó gyakorlat helyett. A fenntartható agrár- és vidékfejlesztéssel elérhetÅ‘ továbbá a mezÅ‘-erdÅ‘gazdaságban hasznosuló természeti erÅ‘források és a vidéki környezet minÅ‘ségének hosszú távú megmaradása, a globális kihÃvásokhoz való alkalmazkodás, a fokozódó minÅ‘ségi igények kielégÃtése, a versenyképesség javulása és a gazdál-kodók, vidékiek életkörülményeinek javÃtása, ami egyúttal hozzájárulás az egész társadalom felemelkedéséhez is.EU regulations expected between 2007 and 2013, LEADER programs, long term prevention of environment - várható EU szabályozók (2007-2013), LEADER programok, környezet hosszú távú megÅ‘rzése, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy,
SUSTAINABLE COUNTRYSIDE AND COMPETITIVENESS
No full textSustainability, which is a way of thinking, life, production and consumption, covers all dimensions of human existence, its relation to natural resources, the economy and society. Sustainability can be the solution, beside research and development processes, to global problems like globalising economy and market competition, global warming, poverty and famine. United Nations’ actions from Rio to Johannesburg and EU decisions seem to underpin this. Well intentioned efforts up to the present have been made on global level with few results. Therefore it is necessary to implement sustainability on regional and local sub-regional, company level. Sustainability is getting into the centre of expectations and actions. It is very likely that only regions and subregions recognising the importance of sustainability in time, will be successful and competitive as a result of this advantage. Settlements neglecting sustainability will not be able to keep their inhabitants, the countryside around them will not be able to produce enough products meeting food safety standards, and will exhaust its natural resources fairly quickly. The competitiveness of a region is largely determined by the state and development pattern of its rural areas and settlements. Therefore research has been focused on sustainable countryside and its important elements, sustainable (liveable) settlements. During our investigations we implemented a new indicator and index number set that reflects all dimensions of sustainability, the present situation, and supports the bottom up decision making process of local governments and NGOs in order to promote development. These investigations highlighted the facts that potential competitiveness of a region can only be based on sustainable settlements, subregions and it is essential to eliminate deficiencies that restrain present and future development. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX A fenntarthatóság, amely szemlélet-, gondolkodás-, élet-, termelési-, valamint fogyasztási mód felöleli az emberi létezés valamennyi dimenzióját, a természeti erÅ‘forrásokhoz való viszonyát, a gazdaságot és a társadalmat. A globális kihÃvá-sok leküzdésében – mint például a globalizálódó gazdaság és piaci verseny, a globális felmelegedés, a szegénység és éhezés leküzdése –, a kutatási – innovációs folyamatok mellett a fenntarthatóság jelentheti a megoldást. Ezt megerÅ‘sÃtik az ENSZ világrendezvényei Riótól – Johannesburgig, valamint az EU határozatai. Az eddigi jó szándékú próbálkozások globális szinten mozogtak, vajmi kevés eredménnyel. Ezért szükséges a fenntarthatóság regionális és lokális – kistérségi, települési, vállalkozási – szintjein kezdeményezni a megoldást. A fenntarthatóság egyre inkább az elvárások és cselekvések középpontjába kerül, várható, hogy csak azok a régiók, kistérségek, helyi szintek lehetnek eredményesek, versenyké-pesek melyek idÅ‘ben felismerték a fenntarthatóság érvényesÃtésének szükséges-ségét, s ezzel helyzeti elÅ‘nyre tesznek szert. Ugyanis a fenntarthatóságot mellÅ‘zÅ‘ települések nem tudják megtartani lakosaikat, s a vidék nem képes megfelelÅ‘ minÅ‘ségű, az élelmiszerbiztonsági igényeknek megfelelÅ‘ termékeket kibocsátani, s nem hosszabb távon felélik természeti erÅ‘forrásaikat. A régiók versenyesélyét sokban meghatározzák a régión belüli vidéki térségek és települések helyzete, s fejlÅ‘dése. Ezért a kutatások a fenntartható vidék és ennek lényegi elemére a fenntartható, vagyis élhetÅ‘ településre irányultak. A vizsgálatok erre a célra egy újszerű indikátor és mutatószámrendszert alkalmaztak, amely tükrözte a fenn-tarthatóság dimenzióit, az adott helyzetet, s megalapozzák az alulról épÃtkezÅ‘ te-lepülési és civil szervezeti önkormányzatok a fejlesztés lehetÅ‘ségeit. A vizsgálatok hangsúlyozzák, hogy a fenntartható településekre-kistérségekre épülhet a régió versenyesélye, s mindebben különösen fontos szerepe van a jelent és jövÅ‘t korlá-tozó „hiányok†felszámolásának.Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy, Public Economics, sustainability on regional level, settlements, investigations - fenntarthatóság regionális szintje, települések, beruházások,
Spatial Patterns and Mechanisms in beech forest at different regeneration phases after disturbance: a study case in the Natural Riserve of Torricchio (central Italy).
No full textDiffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author's address:
No full textCan archives of audiovisual TV interviews be used to make authors more visible to students, and thereby reduce the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers in college classes? We examined students in a college course who learned about one scholar's ideas through watching an audiovisual TV interview (i.e., visible author format) and about another scholar's ideas through reading a formal text description (i.e., invisible author format). For the invisible author, native language speakers scored significantly higher than the non-native language speakers on a corresponding exam question (i.e., a cognitive measure), generated more words on the exam question (i.e., a motivational measure), and mentioned the author's name more often in answering the exam question (i.e., an affective measure). For the visible author, the groups did not differ on any of these measures. These findings provide evidence for the idea that making the author visible through audiovisual TV interviews can eliminate the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers. 3 Universities around the world serve students who are non-native speakers of th
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
- …
