1,720,993 research outputs found
Intérêts d’une rééducation orthophonique sur les capacités langagières et communicationnelles ainsi que sur la qualité de vie de patients adultes présentant un manque du mot dans le cadre d’une épilepsie du lobe temporal gauche
No full textMédecineRésumé : L’épilepsie du lobe temporal est l’épilepsie focale la plus fréquente. Les patients touchés à l’hémisphère gauche se plaignent d’un manque du mot (ou anomie), rarement objectivé et pris en charge par les orthophonistes. Notre étude porte sur le bilan initial, la rééducation et le bilan final, à partir d’une approche tridimensionnelle (formelle, fonctionnelle et écologique). Nous avons également proposé deux questionnaires d’auto-évaluation : QOLIE-31 pour la qualité de vie et l’Echelle de Plainte Mnésique de Mac Nair. Notre intervention a été effectuée auprès de 4 patients âgés de 70 à 89 ans, trois femmes et un homme qui ont bénéficié de 12 séances de rééducation, en dehors du bilan. Il apparaît que l’anomie est liée à un trouble d’accès lexical d’ordre sémantique. Les données quantitatives ne permettent pas de prouver l’efficacité franche de la prise en charge, contrairement à l’analyse qualitative qui montre une amélioration des performances langagières et communicationnelles. La rééducation du manque du mot minimise dans l’ensemble la plainte mnésique des patients mais elle n’influence pas la perception de leur qualité de vie. Ces résultats sont à mettre en lien avec les limites de notre étude, notamment la courte durée de l’intervention. De plus, l’étiopathogénie subtile de la maladie ne permet pas de générer des profils langagiers typiques et de généraliser nos résultats. Néanmoins, nous avons démontré que la rééducation orthophonique est dans l’ensemble pertinente et appropriée pour répondre à la plainte intime des patients.Abstract : The temporal lobe epilepsy is the most frequent focal epilepsy. Patients affected in the left hemisphere complain about losing their words (anomia), phenomenon rarely identified and reeducated by the speech therapists. Our study concerns the initial evaluation, the reeducation and the final evaluation, base on a three-dimensional approach (formal, functional and ecological). We also proposed two self-evaluation : QOLIE-31 (quality of life) and a scale about memory complaint (Mac Nair). Our intervention was made with 4 patients from 70 to 89 years old, three women and a man, who benefited from 12 sessions, except the evaluation sessions. It seems that anomia is bound to a semantic access disorder. The quantitative datas do not prove the efficiency of language care, contrary to the qualitative analysis which show an improvment of the linguistic and communicational performances. The reeducation of the anomia minimizes altogether the mnesic complaint of the patients but it does not influence the perception of their quality of life. These results have to be connected to the limits of our study, especially the short intervention period. Furthermore, the subtle etiopathogenia of the disease does not allow to generate typical linguistic profiles and to generalize our results. Nevertheless, we demonstrated that the language reeducation is altogether relevant and suited to answer the intimate complaint of this patients
Apports étiologiques de l’imagerie cérébrale dans le syndrome d’amnésie épileptique transitoire : étude monocentrique strasbourgeoise
No full textMédecine. NeurologieIntroduction - Le syndrome d’amnésie épileptique transitoire (SAET) est un sous type particulier d’épilepsie temporale mésiale associant des épisodes d’amnésie aiguë à une plainte mnésique interictale. Ses causes n’ont été jusqu’ici que très peu étudiées, et restent donc en interrogation. Une cause neurodégénérative et/ou microvasculaire est suspectée. Cette étude s’est intéressée à l’apport étiologique de l’imagerie dans le SAET dans le cadre d’une cohorte monocentrique strasbourgeoise. Méthodes - Les patients passés au Centre de la mémoire du CHU de Strasbourg entre 2010 et 2017 remplissant les critères de SAET ont été sélectionnés. Parmi eux ont été retenus ceux ayant bénéficié d’une IRM cérébrale. Des scores visuels analogiques d’atrophie cérébrale et d’atteinte microvasculaire ont été réalisés sur les IRM des patients SAET ainsi que sur une cohorte de patients témoins appariés. La recherche de calcifications cérébrales a été effectuée à partir de scanners cérébraux. Résultats - 36 patients SAET ont pu être sélectionnés, ainsi que 22 témoins pour l’analyse IRM et 57 témoins pour le scanner. Il n’a pas été retrouvé de différence statistiquement significative d’atrophie frontale, temporale et pariétale entre sujets SAET et contrôles. Aucune différence non plus concernant les scores d’atteinte microvasculaire. Mais l’évaluation des calcifications hippocampiques sur le scanner cérébral des sujets SAET par rapport aux contrôles a montré une nette association de cette anomalie radiologique à cette forme d’épilepsie (50% des AET vs 12 à 17% des contrôles, p - 0.01). Conclusion - Cette étude suggère que le syndrome d’amnésie épileptique transitoire n’est pas habituellement d’origine dégénérative mais qu’une de ses étiologies majeures est l’atteinte microangiopathique révélée par la présence de calcifications hippocampiques.Introduction - The syndrome of transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a particular subtype of mesial temporal epilepsy that combines episodes of acute amnesia with interictal mnesic complain. Its causes have so far been little studied, and therefore remain under investigation. A neurodégénérative and/or microvascular etiology is suspected. This study focused on the etiological contribution of brain imaging in TEA in a monocentric Strasbourg cohort. Methods - Patients at the Memory Center of Strasbourg University Hospital between 2010 and 2017 who met the criteria for TEA were selected. Among them were selected those who had a MRI performed. Visual scores of brain atrophy and microvascular impairment were performed on the MRIs of TEA patients and on a cohort of matched control patients. Cerebral calcifications were investigated versus matched controls using brain scans. Results - 36 TEA patients could be selected, as well as 22 controls for MRI analysis and 57 controls for CT scanning. There were no statistically significant differences in frontal, temporal and parietal atrophy between TEA subjects and controls. There was also no difference in microvascular impairment scores. However, evaluation of hippocampal calcifications on brain scans of TEA subjects compared with controls showed a clear association of this radiological abnormality with this form of epilepsy (50% of TEA subjects vs. 12 to 17.5% of controls, p - 0.01). Conclusion - This study suggests that TEA is not usually of degenerative origin but that one of its major etiologies is microangiopathic damage revealed by the presence of hippocampal calcifications
Les troubles linguistiques et cognitifs observés après hémisphérotomie : Quel rôle pour l orthophoniste auprès d un enfant atteint de l encéphalite de Rasmussen ?
No full textMédecineL encéphalite de Rasmussen est une encéphalopathie progressive rare d origine partiellement inconnue. Elle cause des crises épileptiques polymorphes, sévères et fréquentes résistant aux médicaments, ainsi qu une hémiplégie, des troubles visuels et une détérioration cognitive. Le traitement le plus efficace connu à ce jour pour obtenir le contrôle des crises est la déconnexion hémisphérique, appelée hémisphérotomie. Les symptômes engendrés par la maladie et l opération, tels que des troubles de la parole, du langage, de la communication et des fonctions cognitives, nécessitent une prise en charge orthophonique. Cette pathologie étant considérée comme une maladie orpheline, les orthophonistes disposent de peu, voire d aucune information à son sujet. C est pourquoi nous avons élaboré un outil d analyse et d informations à l intention des orthophonistes amenés à prendre en charge des enfants atteints de ce syndrome ayant bénéficié d une hémisphérotomie afin de guider la rééducation et l accompagnement de l enfant et de sa famille.Rasmussen encephalitisis is a progressive and rare cerebral disease which origin is partially unknown. It causes polymorphous, severe and frequent intractable seizures, in addition with an hemiplegia, visual troubles and cognitive deterioration. At that day, the most efficient treatment to control seizures is the hemispheric disconnection called hemispherotomy. Symptoms caused by the disease and the surgery, such as speech, language, communication and cognitive troubles, require speech care. As this pathology is considered as an orphan disease, speech therapists have a few or even none information about it. For that reason we have created an analytic and informative tool for speech therapists who take care of children suffering from this disease after hemispherotomy in order to set up speech care and parental guidance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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