1,720,955 research outputs found
L’immigrazione irregolare in tempo di crisi
No full textIl lavoro utilizza tre diverse basi di microdati per quantificare l’effetto della recessione economica sugli immigrati irregolari e mettere a confronto i loro esiti occupazionali con quelli sperimentati nello stesso periodo dai nativi e dagli immigrati regolarmente soggiornanti in Italia. Questo è il primo studio a documentare un fortissimo peggioramento degli esiti lavorativi e della condizione abitativa durante la crisi economica iniziata nel 2008 fra gli immigrati privi di regolare permesso di soggiorno. In particolare, l’analisi dimostra che il calo della percentuale di occupati fra i lavoratori stranieri regolari è circa un terzo di quello degli immigrati irregolari. Inoltre, contrariamente a quanto osservato per la componente regolare dell’immigrazione, il calo dell’occupazione colpisce indistintamente entrambi i generi. La popolazione irregolare pare quindi caratterizzata da una particolare vulnerabilità sul mercato del lavoro, che si somma a quella che affligge la popolazione immigrata regolare
Sheltered : life and work in Italy's immigrant ghettos
No full textDefence date: 18 May 2020 (Online)Examining Board: Prof. Diego Gambetta (Collegio Carlo Alberto and European University Institute, Supervisor); Prof. Fabrizio Bernardi (European University Institute); Prof. Paolo Boccagni (University of Trento); Prof. Mitchell Duneier (Princeton University)In Italy, about 10,000 immigrants live in informal settlements isolated from the native population. The largest and longest-lasting settlements are in agricultural areas. Started in the 1980s as temporary shelters of West African farmworkers, they have turned into permanent self-built settlements housing thousands of dwellers, most of whom find employment in the surrounding fields. Media and policy makers attribute the existence of such settlements to the coercive action of so-called gangmasters—illegal labor recruiters commonly associated with labor exploitation, violence, and the mafia. However, this overly simplistic and impressionistic view is undermined by key facts. This leaves open the question of how such settlements emerge. In this study, I investigate the microfoundations of informal immigrant settlements while exploring three research questions. First, I explore the mechanisms and institutions that allow dwellers to survive in the absence of basic utilities and formal institutions. Second, I examine job-search strategies: why do some dwellers use brokers such as gangmasters for harvest job search, while others do so independently. Third, I examine residential choices: why do some dwellers remain in the ghettos the whole year, notwithstanding the harsh living conditions and the scarce job opportunities in the slack season, while others seek shelter in town as soon as the harvest ends. To address these questions, I have applied an integrative multi-method research design, including the analysis of ethnographic and interview data gathered through immersive fieldwork in various settlements and the statistical analysis of original survey data encompassing eight settlements in five Italian provinces. My results document the emergence of an embryonic society, sustained by mutually supportive exchanges, informal trade, and extralegal institutions, which allow immigrants to satisfy basic needs they cannot meet in Italian towns. Within such a society, most dwellers look for harvest work by relying on brokers’ services, which, while costly, are indispensable to navigate a labor market plagued by structural deficiencies and unregistered work. Only a minority manage to look for jobs independently—namely, those who have access to independent transport and are better integrated into the district. Most dwellers stay for short periods and spend the rest of the year moving to other precarious arrangements in town while striving to fulfill aspirations of social and economic integration. But a smaller group finds long-term fallback shelter there. Impeded by previous poor investment in host-country human capital and lack of documents and supportive networks, they opt out of the uncertain hunt for opportunities in the outside world and craft narratives giving value to the choice of staying put
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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