1,720,964 research outputs found
La combustione e le sorgenti antropiche
No full textPensato durante il Convegno PM2008 (Bari, 6-8 ottobre 2008), organizzato dalla IAS (Società italiana di Aerosol) e dalla SCI (Società Chimica Italiana) in collaborazione con diversi partner , è stato pubblicato da Villaggio Globale il volume “Particelle in atmosfera - Conosciamole meglio”, a cura di Gianluigi de Gennaro (Università degli Studi di Bari) e Stefania Petraccone (Villaggio Globale).
Nel libro, la descrizione in capitoli di una tematica di grande attualità, il particolato atmosferico, attraverso i contributi degli scienziati italiani che si occupano della Scienza degli Aerosol, proposti con un linguaggio comprensibile anche dai non addetti ai lavori.
Introduzione a cura di Luigi Campanella, presidente SCI - Società Chimica Italiana
“...si capisce dai temi che sarebbe facile decadere nel nozionismo. I nostri autori non lo fanno, anzi al contrario cercano di evitarlo riconducendosi sempre ad aspetti con i quali si confrontano tutti i giorni i normali cittadini”
Prefazione a cura di Franco Prodi, presidente IAS - Società Italiana di Aerosol
“...l’idea di parlarne in modo così semplice è che si possa portare tanti giovani alla curiosità, prima, e ad una vocazione scientifica poi, talmente forte da impegnarli con una scelta di vita professionale”
I capitoli
1. Caratteristiche chimico fisiche
2. Le sorgenti
3. Il monitoraggio
4. Effetti degli aerosol su scala globale
5. PM e Salute
6. Sistemi per il supporto al decisore
7. Aspetti normativ
Sustainable domestic burning of residual biomasses from the Friuli Venezia Giulia region
Full text linkThe implementation of short supply chain of available biomass from forest and agriculture residues locally available aims to gain environmental benefits deriving from reduced transportation, avoided abiotic depletion of resources and reduced net emissions of green-house gases. The main objective of the present study was to analyze possible environmental impacts arising from domestic burning of residual biomasses, in terms air pollution. Three different types of woody residual biomasses (Robinia pseudoacacia, Picea abies and Vitis vinifera) were collected within the Friuli Venezia Giulia region in the form of wood chips, converted into pellets and used in controlled combustion tests in a domestic stove. The efficiency of the combustion process and the amount of selected emitted pollutants (carbon monoxide, organic gaseous carbon, nitrogen oxides, benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and total suspended particulate matter) were evaluated. Moreover, the same analysis and combustion tests were carried out on three commercially available pellets (Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica and softwood mix) to achieve a better interpretation and contextualization of the results obtained. Picea abies developed significantly high concentrations of organic gaseous carbon, benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and rather high carbon monoxide emissions. Vitis vinifera was characterized by the highest total suspended particulate matter and carbon monoxide emissions. Robinia pseudoacacia was a very promising fuel showing both combustion and emission properties similar to the commercial pellets. Thus, with the outcomes of our work we highlighted that possible environmental drawbacks due to air pollution arising from residual biomass burning should be evaluated. Moreover, the scientific community of life cycle assessment scientists may benefit from having updated experimental measurements of air pollutants emitted by a domestic stove loaded with different locally available residual biomasses
Advances in TD/GC-MS untargeted compound analysis on particulate matter beyond PAHs routine monitoring
No full textThe monitoring of some micro-pollutants is routinary because of their
potential toxic activity and of normative regulation, but focusing only on
some targeted compounds can divert analysts and researchers from
identifying pollution macro-events associated to untargeted compounds.
Routine analysis of micro-pollutants, as PAHs, in fast scan GC-MS
produces Single Ion Monitoring (SIM) chromatograms used for quantitative
determination of target compounds but also a Total Ion Current (TIC) signal
which can potentially contain interesting unrevealed information. This is
specially true when thermal desorption from solid samples as air particulate
matter filters is used as pretreatment method; TD/GC-MS transfers analytes
to the separation column without discarding some/part of the compounds.
The aim of this study is to report the setup of an experimental and data
analysis procedure adequate for disclosing interesting data from raw GCMS
data collections acquired during routine monitoring.
In this communication we present a 3 month daily PAHs routine monitoring
near an incinerator in a Friuli Venezia Giulia chair production district in
which we collected 120 samples of PM10 by quartz filter sampling
accordingly to EN12341. A series of raw data (retention time, peak area,
peak height, peak width, MW, CAS number) were acquired directly from
the data analysis software (meanwhile quantifying PAHs) using the
“autointegration” and “MS library search” functions. These data were
handled within R free statistical computing environment (http://cran.rproject.
org), using a home-made script to filter and intercomparing
chromatograms by peak properties. In this way we were able, starting from
over 5000 peaks to discriminate, beyond PAHs, 21 relevant peaks present in
a great number of samples. Using MS library search reports we were able to
identify three molecules with high correspondence to the MS database,
which can be related to activities in the sampling site: a plasticizer, a
phtalate and an erbicide. These compounds were quantified using
corresponding commercial standards
Seasonal apportionment of the sources of ambient air particulates in the city of Trieste
No full textA PCA/APCS model was applied to PM2.5 data, which were collected for the Svevo and Muggia districts of the City of Trieste. The sampling campaigns covered the winter and summer periods of 2006. The set of investigated species comprised major inorganic ions, organic and elemental carbon and several Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) that were considered as probable or possible carcinogens by internationally recognised health and environmental agencies. Identified pollution sources included vehicle engine combustion (‘traffic’), ‘secondary emission’, ‘domestic combustion processes’ and ‘sea spray’. ‘Secondary emission and combustion’ dominated, with a total contribution over 74%. The traffic contribution was quantified as 2–16%, while sea spray was 4–13%. In general, possible or probable carcinogenic PAHs were related to the ‘traffic’ source. The high correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.90) between the measured and predicted values proves that the PCA/APCS modelling is an efficient tool for the estimation of pollution sources’ contribution to PM2.5 composition
Urban BTEX spatiotemporal exposure assessment by chemometric expertise
Full text linkNormative regulations on benzene in fuels and urban management strategies are expected to improve air quality. The present study deals with the application of self-organizing maps (SOMs) in order to explore the spatiotemporal variations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene levels in an urban atmosphere. Temperature, wind speed, and concentration values of these four volatile organic compounds were measured after passive sampling at 21 different sampling sites located in the city of Trieste (Italy) in the framework of a multi-year long-term monitoring program. SOM helps in defining pollution patterns and changes in the urban context, showing clear improvements for what concerns benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene concentrations in air for the 2001–2008 timeframe
Dimensional characterization of selected elements in airborne PM10 samples using μ- SRXRF.
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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