1,721,074 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Cardiovascular and behavioural effects of intracerebroventricularly administered tachykinin NK3 receptor antagonists in the conscious rat
No full text1. In the conscious rat, three tachykinin NK3 receptor antagonists, namely SR142801 ((S)-(N)-(1-(3-(1-benzoyl-3-(3 ,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidin-3-yl)propyl)-4-phenylpiperidin-4-yl)-N -methylacetamide), R820 (3-indolylcarbonyl-Hyp-Phg-N(Me)-Bzl) and R486 (H-Asp-Ser-Phe-Trp-β-Ala-Leu-Met-NH2) were assessed against the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) effects induced by senktide, a selective NK3 receptor agonist, on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and motor behaviour. 2. Senktide (10-650 pmol per animal; i.c.v; n = 4-16) at the lowest dose caused a significant fall in MAP (-10 ± 6 mmHg), while at the highest doses (100 and 650 pmol), senktide caused a rise in MAP (9 ± 3 and 12 ± 1 mmHg, respectively) when compared to vehicle. The intermediate doses (25 and 65 pmol) had no effect on MAP. The highest two doses caused a tachycardia of 62 ± 15 and 88 ± 8 beats min-1, respectively. The dose of 65 pmol had a biphasic effect on HR, an initial bradycardia of 47 ± 12 beats min-1 followed by a tachycardia of 46 ± 14 beats min-1. The lowest doses caused either a rise of 52 ± 10 beats min-1 (25 pmol) or no effect (10 pmol) on HR. All doses of senktide caused similar increases in face washing, sniffing and wet dog shakes except at the dose of 100 pmol, when wet dog shakes were more than double those observed with the other doses. 3. The antagonist SR142801 (100 pmol-65 nmol per animal; i.c.v.; n = 6-8) caused increases in MAP at the highest two doses (6.5 and 65 nmol) while HR, dose-dependently, increased (23 ± 6 to 118 ± 26 beats min-1) and the onset dose-dependently decreased. The (R)-enantiomer, SR142806 (100 pmol-65 nmol per animal; i.c.v.; n = 6-8) only caused rises in MAP (13 ± 2 mmHg) and HR (69 ± 11 beats min-1) at the highest dose. These drugs had no apparent effect on behaviour, except for the highest dose of SR142801 which increased sniffing. The agonist R820 (650 pmol-6.5 nmol per animal; i.c.v.; n = 6) had no effect on MAP or HR and only increased sniffing behaviour at 6.5 nmol. At 650 pmol (n = 6), R486 had no effect on any variable, but at 3.25 nmol, i.c.v. (n = 4) a delayed tachycardia and a significant increase in all behavioural variables were observed. 4. The cardiovascular responses induced by 6.5 nmol SR142801 and 25 pmol senktide were inhibited by R820 (6.5 nmol, 5 min earlier i.c.v.). In contrast, R820 failed to affect the central cardiovascular and behavioural responses induced by 10 pmol [Sar9, Met(O2)11]substance P, a NK1 receptor selective agonist. The senktide-induced behavioural changes were not inhibited by R820 (6.5 nmol, i.c.v.) while R486 (650 pmol, i.c.v.) blocked both the cardiovascular and behavioural responses to 25 pmol senktide. A mixture of antagonists for NK1 (RP67580; 6.5 nmol) and NK2, (SR48968; 6.5 nmol) receptors injected i.c.v. did not affect the cardiovascular response to SR142801. Cross-desensitization was shown between the central responses to SR142801 and senktide, but not between SR142801 and [Sar9, Met(O2)11]substance P. 5. The antagonists SR142801 and SR142806 (6.5-650 nmol kg-1, n = 5-7), given i.v., did not evoke any cardiovascular or behavioural changes, except a delayed bradycardia for SR142806 (650 nmol kg-1), and also failed to inhibit the increase in MAP evoked by senktide (4 nmol kg-1, i.v.). However, at the highest dose, both drugs slightly reduced the senktide-induced tachycardia. 6. Although the present data are consistent with the in vitro pharmacological bioassays and binding data, showing that SR142801 is a poor antagonist at rat peripheral NK3 receptors, they suggest that SR142801 has a partial agonist action at these receptors centrally. A separation of the cardiovascular and behavioural effects mediated by central NK3, receptor activation was achieved with SR142801 and R820 but not with R486. These results could be explained by the existence of NK3 receptor subtypes in the rat or by the differential activation and inhibition of the same receptor protein linked to the production of different second messengers. Differences in the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic properties of the antagonists cannot be excluded at this time
Targeting kinin receptors for the treatment of neurological diseases
No full textKinins (bradykinin, kallidin and their active metabolites) are peptide autacoids with established functions in
cardiovascular homeostasis, contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles, inflammation and nociception. They are
believed to play a role in disease states like asthma, allergies, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, diabetes, endotoxic and
pancreatic shock, and to contribute to the therapeutic effects of ACE inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases. Although kinins
are also neuromediators in the central nervous system, their involvement in neurological diseases has not been intensively
investigated thus far. This review analyzes the potential of central kinin receptors as therapeutic targets for neurological
disorders. Initial data highlight potential roles for B1 receptor antagonists as antiepileptic agents, and for B2 receptor
antagonists (and/or B1 agonists) in the treatment of stroke. Functional B1 receptors located on T-lymphocytes and on the
blood brain-barrier are also putative targets for the management of multiple sclerosis. However, successful elucidation of
the therapeutic value of these new pharmacological approaches will require refinement of our knowledge on the
physiology and cellular localization of central kinin receptors
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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