1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Les Lumières au banc d’essai : science, économie et environnement autour de Jean Hellot (1685-1766)
No full textDefence date: 22 November 2024Examining Board: Prof. Stéphane Van Damme (European University Institute; École Normale Supérieure, Supervisor); Prof. Charlotte Guichard (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; École Normale Supérieure); Prof. Arnaud Orain (École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales); Prof. Giorgio Riello (European University Institute)À travers le chimiste parisien Jean Hellot (1685-1766), cette thèse rend compte des interactions entre les pratiques savantes, la pensée économique, les rapports productifs et l’environnement au XVIIIe siècle. Jean Hellot est reconnu pour son implication savante et technologique dans la politique du Royaume, lorsque son expertise est mobilisée par l’Académie mais aussi l’État, à travers les instances de commerce et d’industrie, dans les domaines de la teinture textile, des mines, de la monnaie ou encore de la porcelaine, autant de matières qui font l’objet d’un vif intérêt des administrateurs au siècle des Lumières. Hellot représente typiquement cette figure de conseiller scientifique au service de l’État et du développement industriel, figure analysée dans les études historiographiques s’inscrivant à la croisée d’une histoire des sciences, des techniques et de l’histoire économique. Mais au-delà de la posture du savant qui, via des outils scientifiques, justifie et légitime une politique étatique, cette thèse examine aussi la façon dont les chimistes du XVIIIe siècle imposent leur propre vision économique et productive. Bien plus que des considérations purement techniques ou scientifiques qui seraient déterminantes dans l’emploi ou l’amélioration des arts des teintures, de la porcelaine, ou encore de l’exploitation des mines, Jean Hellot formalise une science de l’essai qui embrasse des enjeux environnementaux et commerciaux liés à l’intensification et la globalisation des échanges, qui confronte le savant à de nouvelles ressources et techniques, alimentées par la prospection coloniale. L’économie, la production et la doctrine économique sont à partir des années 1750 marquées par une période de transition souvent décrite par la montée en puissance du libéralisme. Plutôt que d’opposer la force de l’État intégré dans un Ancien Régime productif mercantiliste à celle du « marché » libéral, cette thèse révèle la façon dont se reconfigurent les pouvoirs, et place la focale sur celui de l’expertise chimique, qui se déploie en dehors de l’espace du laboratoire : que ce soit pour évaluer les marchandises, pour apporter des solutions aux problèmes environnementaux ou pour nourrir la promesse d’une transition énergétique basée sur le charbon, le savant chimiste Hellot amorce déjà la justification d’une « naturalisation » de l’intensification de l’exploitation des ressources et des effets collatéraux de l’industrialisation chimique et tinctoriale.Through the lens of the Parisian chemist Jean Hellot (1685-1766), this thesis explores the interactions between scholarly practices, economic thought, productive relationships, and the environment in the 18th century. Jean Hellot is renowned for his scholarly and technological involvement in the politics of the French Kingdom, when his expertise was mobilized by the French Académie des sciences and by the State, through the trade and industry authorities, in the fields of textile dyeing, mining, coinage, and porcelain, all subjects of keen interest to administrators in the Age of Enlightenment. Hellot is a typical example of a scientific advisor at the service of the state and industrial development, a figure analyzed in historiographical studies at the crossroads of science, technology and economic history. Beyond the posture of the scientist who, through scientific tools, justifies and legitimizes state policy, this thesis also examines the way in which 18th-century chemists imposed their own economic and productive vision. In addition to the purely technical or scientific considerations that would be decisive in the use or improvement of the arts of dyeing, the manufacturing of porcelain, or mining, Jean Hellot formalized a science of testing that embraced environmental and commercial issues linked to the intensification and globalization of trade which, fueled by colonial prospecting, confronted the scientist with new resources and techniques. From the 1750s onwards, production and economic doctrine were marked by a period of transition, often described as the rise of liberalism. Rather than opposing mercantilist Ancien Régime of production, with that of the liberal “market”, this thesis reveals the way in which powers were reconfigured, and places the focus on the chemical expertise, which was deployed outside the space of the laboratory. Whether evaluating goods, providing solutions to environmental problems or nurturing the promise of an energy transition based on coal, the chemist Hellot already justified a “naturalization” of the intensification of resource exploitation and the collateral effects of chemical and dye industrialization
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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