1,721,032 research outputs found
traffic-related air pollution and neurodegenerative diseases: epidemiological and experimental evidence
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Effect of styrene on monoamine oxidase B activity in rat brain.
No full textInhalation exposure to low concentrations of styrene altered MOA-B activity in rat brain
Biochemical markers of neurotoxicity: research strategies and epidemiological applications
No full textA great deal of attention has been given in the past few years to the development and validation of biomarkers for non-cancer endpoints, to be used in human epidemiological studies. In this research, as they apply to the field of neurotoxicology, will be discussed. As biomarkers are often divided into indicators of exposure, effect and susceptibility, one example for each of these classes is presented. Measurements of hemoglobin adducts were developed as a way to monitor exposure to acrylamide (a peripheral neurotoxicant) in animals as well as humans, and have been successfully applied in a field study in occupationally exposed workers. Activity of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in platelets was found to be inversely correlated with the levels of exposure to styrene, suggesting that this biochemical measurement may be a useful effect-related biomarker, though additional studies are needed to understand the mechanistic implications of these findings. Serum paraoxonase activity has been shown in animals to modulate the toxicity of organophosphorus insecticides. Studies in humans have lead to the identification of a genetic polymorphism for this enzyme and to define its underlying molecular basis. Epidemiological studies are needed to determine the relevance of this polymorphism in determining susceptibility to organophosphate toxicity
Metabolic studies as a basis for the interpretation of metal toxicity
No full textSeveral metals and metalloids, when absorbed in the body, undergo transformation in mammalian tissues. These metabolic changes may have important implications in pharmacology, toxicology and environmental health
Role of genetic polymorphism in risk assessment
No full textGenetic polymorphism is an important factor of individual susceptibility to drugs or to toxic substances in environmental and occupational exposure
Interaction of the neurotoxic pesticides ivermection and lindane with the enteric GABA-A receptor-ionophore complex in the guinea-pig.
No full textIvermectin and lindane, two neurotoxic pesticides interfering with central GABAergic neurotransmission, exert agonist and non-competitive properties at the enteric GABA-a receptor-ionophore complex
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