1,720,976 research outputs found
Algunas observaciones relativas a la constitución de cementos
No full textFil: Costa, Norberto P.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina
The presentation of self in everyday prison life: Reading interactions in prison from a dramaturgic point of view.
No full textToday, Italian prisons are reporting the highest level of overcrowding ever recorded. In reference to this situation, this article proposes an ethnographic study carried out inside the prison of Padua as a voluntary 2 years’ experience. It documents the values and conventions that convicts share in prison and details the ways in which prisoners constantly construct and adapt to an informal conduct’s rule system, the inmate code. It also illustrates the interactions among fellow prisoners as scenes or plays enacted by various teams. The prisoners’ words reveal a complex universe based upon three basic conditions: loyalty, discipline and circumspection. Finally, we argue about the fading of the distinction between the prison front stage and the back stage and we analyse the possible consequences
Disturbi alimentari e progetti di promozione del benessere
Get PDFThis research addresses the issue of promoting wellness regarding eating disorders through three different studies. First, a literature review of the conceptualizations of the issue from the point of view of the main psychological theories is presented. An overview of the assumptions, instruments, and intervention methodology of each formulation is also provided. Assuming the hypothesis that eating disorders represent a peculiar expression of uneasiness toward body experience, we analyse the main sociological theories that approached the study of body. This, to comprehend how the processes that inscribe social relevant meanings upon the body are generated and negotiated through interaction. Moreover, we introduce a phenomenological vision in order to raise a discourse upon the concepts suitable to investigate intersubjective corporal experience. Last, we suggest the possibility to employ the artistic medium through participated action research methodology. For this purpose, we critically reconsider: the discourse in public policy about social projects which are focused on the collaboration of artists, presumed benefits related to these and compatible methods of analysis.
The first study is aimed at gathering information on projects for the promotion of wellness undertaken in Italy regarding eating disorders and to understand the organisation of the discourses of the operators involved in the study. Six interviews have been conducted with freelance professionals or those affiliated to an institution acknowledged by the national health system. The data collected is read using diatextual analysis to comprehend the organisation of discourses and the identity positioning operated through talk-in-interaction. Results highlighted that intervention by professionals is planned according to the political and economic logics that allow the recognition of the operations conducted by the so-called ‘market’ or by scientific community.
The second and third studies present the data collected during two different pilot programs of wellness promotion using art techniques. In particular, drama experience have been developed as a cathartic and performative medium in order to induce benefits regarding body and relational consciousness of the participants. The first intervention has been undertaken in the area of Padua and involved three fourth-grade classes, and three sixth-grade classes and have been analyzed using Bracken’s MSCS. Results highlighted a significant improvement of self-concept regarding participants’ relational skills.
The second intervention has been analysed through participatory action research methodology in order to comprehend in detail the meaning making processes regarding the body that people develop in interaction and how art may produce the benefits that emerged in the first intervention. One fifth-grade class and one seventh-grade class in the area of Modena took part in this study. Results show how double binds that limit the possibilities of expression of seventh-grade young women are generated. These impasses are self-imposed through the identification in the cultural standard of the image of women and this is reinforced through everyday interaction with young men classmates. The latter may in fact use shame instrumentally to operate an emotive power upon the other. Moreover, the adult schoolteachers concur in limiting the young women’s expression possibilities ascribing the reasons for an impaired attribution of time and space to express one’s own ideas and opinions to a their personal shortcoming. The characteristics of the activities undertaken are also analysed in order to comprehend how the benefits reported by participants are generated.
We conclude by presenting the possible future developments directed to the investigation of a more effective profitable interpenetration between the artistic dimension and social research
Drug Users’ Self-Representation at the Beginning of and After Rehabilitation
No full textThe aim of this study is to comprehend the evolution in the self-representations of drug users at the beginning and after at least six months from the start of a therapeutic rehabilitation program. Considering self-representation as attributions reflected in interactions, this paper takes into account personal constructs related to social relationships inside and outside the therapeutic community. Seventeen repertory grid interviews were collected from residents and newcomers grids were compared to those of veterans using statistical techniques (Student t-test, iGridstat). Honesty seems to be the central construct around which drug users develop the idea of change regardless of length of stay in rehabilitation program. Its meaning is not related to compliance with the rules, but rather to breaking the silence that causes users to hide transgressions from the eyes of the community
Rosso : pochoclo gourmet
Get PDFFil: Silva, Tomás J.. Universidad de San Andrés. Escuela de Negocios; Argentina.Fil: Quirno Costa, Norberto. Universidad de San Andrés. Escuela de Negocios; Argentina
Cyberbullying and Interventions Programs in School and Clinical Setting
No full textAbstractCyberbullying has recently emerged as a widespread and new form of bullying and harassment. It refers to the use of information and communication technologies, specifically mobile phones or the internet, to support deliberate behavior to harm others. Cyberbullying and bullying are partly similar phenomena: they share the intention to attack an other person who is vulnerable and cannot properly defend himself, but they differ for many other aspects: (1) the aggression forms - the damage is often physical or verbal in bullying, while it is textual or visual in cyberbullying and it refers to the social image, the dignity and reputation instead of to the physical body; (2) the “visibility” in bullying compared to the partial “invisibility” and anonymity in cyberbulling, (3) the large audiences in a peer group on internet compared with the small groups that are the usual audience in traditional bullying. In the present paper features of cyberbullying that distinguish it from most traditional forms of bullying will be analyse. On the basis of emerged differences operational suggestions and strategies for dealing with minors in the two different conditions will be presented both in schools and in clinical setting
The Use of the ADHD Diagnostic Label: What Implications Exist for Children and their Families?
No full textAbstractADHD is considered an impairing psychological disorder that predominantly affects children and is characterised by inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. This diagnosis has become controversal in literature do to the conceptual resistances expressed by clinicians and pediatricians in considering a simple list of behaviors as a psychological syndrome, in absence of physical test or single cause demonstrating it. They have to be considered implications linked to the overuse of the diagnostic label; within these, the risk (by teachers and school managers) of justifying and supporting interventions for differentiating teaching strategies and menaging difficult student-case, the financing of which would be impossible without diagnosis. As a result, a considerable amount of research has been completed in recent years to better understand the phenomenon. In the present paper features for and against the use of the diagnosis will be present and discuss apart from the critical analysis of different frameworks and by introducing a relational perspective deriving from the labeling theory and interactionism. Operational suggestions and strategies for teachers and families dealing with minors are also presented, both in schools and in clinical setting
Drama Experience in Educational Interventions
No full textAbstractDrama techniques have been widely implemented in many different areas of education and in clinical settings. The effectiveness of using theater as a means to promote change by capitalizing on its strong emotional component has been attributed to two main functions: a cathartic function and a performative one. In the first, actors produce a drama about a social problem that allows the audience to identify with the characters and may even change the audience members’ points of view; in the second, participants of the intervention are actors themselves and use drama techniques to portray everyday-life situations, attempting to consider social problems from different perspectives. Despite the widespread use of theater workshops in educational and clinical settings, an issue that requires further investigation and research is the assessment of their effectiveness. Many different reasons contribute to making the workshops’ effectiveness difficult to assess: Firstly, quantitative methods seem not to be perfectly suited for evaluating changes that drama may produce, as they are based on emotional experiences rather than on cognitive acquisitions; secondly, qualitative tools may require a large amount of time for the collection and analysis of data, and they may fail to generate comparable results. A reconnaissance of methods for assessing the effectiveness of drama intervention is presented in this paper, and a proposal for further analysis is provided
Health professionals working with persons with Dementia. Reflections for new training courses.
No full text
- …
