1,721,350 research outputs found
Bassin laitier de la basse vallée du fleuve Sénégal (Sénégal) : Le développement de la filière entre lait local et lait en poudre importé.
No full textÀ l’instar des pays sahéliens, la consommation urbaine, principal débouché pour les produits laitiers, est largement couverte au Sénégal par l’importation de lait en poudre. La production locale, issue d’un élevage allaitant transhumant, est déficiente et coûteuse à collecter. C’est pourtant dans ce contexte qu’émergent depuis les années 1990 des petites laiteries dans la basse vallée du fleuve Sénégal. Comment décrire et expliquer l’expansion de ce bassin devenu « laitier » ? Notre étude s’appuie sur l’analyse de l’évolution conjointe du territoire, des systèmes d’élevage et de la filière. Elle a été conduite sur une base bibliographique et d’interviews réalisées de 2012 à 2014, notamment auprès des directeurs des laiteries. Quatre séquences de développement du bassin laitier sont présentées, ainsi que leurs déterminants. Les deux dernières, relativement récentes, sont particulièrement impactées par la mise en place d’un opérateur industriel. Son expérience montre les nouveaux équilibres à trouver entre lait en poudre et lait local, entre systèmes de production traditionnels et fermes laitières, mais aussi entre zone pastorale et en zone irriguée.Like the Sahelian countries, urban consumption, main market for dairy products, is largely covered in Senegal by the importation of milk powder. Local products - from transhumant and pastoral livestock, is deficient and expensive to collect. However, it is in this context that small dairies emerge since the 1990s in the lower Valley of the Senegal River. How to describe and explain the expansion of this dairy basin? Our study is based on analysis of the joint evolution of the land, livestock and the production systems. It was conducted on a bibliographic basis and interviews from 2012 to 2014, among others, the directors of the dairies. Four sequences of dairy basin development are presented, as well as their determinants. The two latest, relatively recent, are particularly
impacted by the implementation of an industrial operator. His experience shows the new balanced between milk
powder and local milk, traditional production systems and dairy farms, but also pastoral and irrigated areas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Annexe 2. Voyage aux pays du lait : dynamiques laitières dans le monde
No full textCe texte présente les principales dynamiques laitières observées aujourd’hui dans le monde. La croissance démographique s’avère être un puissant levier pour la production et la consommation de produits laitiers, notamment en Asie. Les situations sont néanmoins contrastées selon les régions du monde. Les échanges internationaux de produits laitiers entre grands bassins excédentaires et déficitaires sont minoritaires mais sont influents sur les marchés. Ils rendent les prix volatils et plutôt à la hausse depuis une dizaine d’années. On observe également une forte tendance à l’internationalisation des grands groupes laitiers. Les circuits non conventionnels gardent cependant une place importante à l’échelle mondiale
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Lait en poudre importé versus production locale en Afrique de l'Ouest : vers un nouveau modèle industriel ?
No full textDans un marché laitier de l’Afrique de l’Ouest globalement domine par la poudre de lait importée, l’étude porte sur les facteurs qui favorisent le recours à la production locale de lait. Elle s’appuie pour cela sur le cas de deux entreprises laitières qui incorporent dans leurs circuits de fabrication une part de lait local. Ces entreprises, situées l’une au Sénégal et l’autre au Mali, sont caractérisées par des histoires industrielles et des stratégies commerciales très différentes. Pourtant, l’analyse des contraintes qui pèsent sur leurs stratégies productives et des opportunités commerciales qui s’offrent a` elles montrent une convergence vers un modèle industriel pragmatique combinant l’emploi de poudre importée et de lait local pour répondre aux attentes des consommateurs. Si, en Afrique de l’Ouest, une industrialisation laitière complète employant exclusivement du lait de collecte, apparaît toujours hors de porte e, le lait local semble bien s’imposer comme un adjuvant essentiel dans la stratégie industrielle et commerciale des laiteries.Based on two cases from the dairy industry, the first in Senegal and the second in Mali, this study intends to analyse the strategies involved in crude milk collection in West Africa, even though the market is dominated by powdered milk. In fact, when their commercial and supply strategies are considered, with a Fulani dairy and a milk powder industrial user, these two approaches do not appear as different as it at first might seem. The future of the dairy industry is undoubtedly a mixed model relying on both powdered and fresh milk for a segmented market. Although a full milk industrial sector still appears impossible, local milk seems well to be integrated into the West African circuit
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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