1,720,991 research outputs found
Artificial Intelligence assisted Building Digitization using Mixed Reality
Get PDFIl Facility Management in edifici complessi richiede una grande quantità di informazioni che possono essere archiviate in un modello funzionale dell’edificio. Un modello funzionale è una rappresentazione strutturata dell'edificio che include informazioni cruciali per funzioni specifiche come la sicurezza, le azioni di ristrutturazione o il funzionamento e la manutenzione. Il rilevamento di questo tipo di dati, come le proprietà tecniche dei componenti dell'edificio, è un processo costoso. Per questo motivo, è necessario uno strumento avanzato il rilievo ingegneristico. Oggi molti studi si concentrano ancora sull'acquisizione della geometria, trascurando il fatto che molte azioni ricorrenti sono condotte su componenti all'interno degli edifici. Molti sistemi proposti sfruttano tecniche di rilevamento altamente accurate, come la scansione laser o la fotogrammetria, ma che richiedono lunghi sforzi di post-elaborazione per interpretare i dati raccolti. Inoltre, queste operazioni non vengono eseguite sul posto, portando a imprecisioni causate da un’interpretazione errata dei dati. In queste circostanze, la possibilità di eseguire la maggior parte delle operazioni in loco renderebbe sicuramente il processo più efficiente e ridurrebbe gli errori.
Questa ricerca propone un sistema di digitalizzazione che sfrutta la collaborazione uomo-macchina evitando fasi di post-elaborazione del dato. A questo scopo, vengono sfruttate le potenzialità della Mixed Reality quali la sua capacità di interagire con il mondo reale, creando un ambiente ideale per la collaborazione uomo-macchina. La capacità della Mixed Reality di sovrapporre i dati digitali all'ambiente reale rende possibile il controllo dei dati direttamente in sito. Per il processo di riconoscimento degli oggetti il sistema proposto in questa ricerca si avvale di rete neurale. La rete neurale YOLO (You Only Look Once) è stata scelta per la sua velocità e funzionalità di rilevamento multiplo, ideale per applicazioni in tempo reale. Il sistema è stato sviluppato e le sue prestazioni sono state valutate per il rilevamento di componenti del sistema antincendio. Il primo set di allenamenti è stato testato ed ha raggiunto sempre più dell'85% del fattore F1. Quindi l'intero sistema è stato testato in sito per dimostrare la sua fattibilità in uno scenario del mondo reale.Facility Management in complex buildings requires a large amount of information that can be stored in a functional building model. A functional building model is a structured representation of the building including information crucial for specific functions such as safety, refurbishment actions or operation and maintenance. Surveying this kind of data, such as technical properties of building components, is a costly process. For this reason, an advanced tool for engineering surveys is needed. Nowadays many studies still focus on capturing
geometry, overlooking the fact that many recurring actions are conducted on assets inside buildings. Many systems proposed exploit highly accurate survey techniques, like laser scanning or photogrammetry, but they need long postprocessing efforts to interpret data collected. Moreover, these operations are not pursued on site leading to inaccuracies for the incorrect interpretation of
data. Under these circumstances, the possibility of performing the majority of operation on-site would definitely make the process more efficient and it would reduce errors. This research proposes a system for digitization exploiting manmachine intelligence collaboration without post-processing. To this aim, Mixed Reality with its capability of interacting with real world is applied giving an environment for man-machine collaboration. The capability of Mixed Reality of overlapping digital data to the real environment makes possible checking data directly on site. For the object recognition process the system proposed in this research make use of Neural Network. YOLO (You Only Look Once) Neural Networks has been chosen for its speed and multiple detection features, ideal for real-time applications. The system has been developed and its performance evaluated for the detection of fire protection system components. First single Neural Network have been tested reaching always more than 85%of F1 factor. Then the whole embedded system proposed has been tested on site to prove its feasibility in a real-world scenario
A first evaluation of the seamless markerless augmented reality registration system supporting facility management
Get PDFAugmented reality (AR), despite its great potential, still struggles to be widely used in real construction processes due to difficulties in registering holograms in mixed indoor-outdoor scenarios. Since a definitive technological solution for inside-out AR registration does not exist yet, a seamless markerless augmented reality registration system, integrating real-time kinematic positioning (RTK), inertial measurement units (IMU) technologies and image comparison based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), has been proposed by the authors. Experiment results have shown the need to continuously register AR at regular temporal interval within 1 seconds and/or 1 meter to achieve “fine-precision” positional accuracy (i.e., 0.10 m)
Infrastructure-Free Localization System for Augmented Reality Registration in Indoor Environments: A First Accuracy Assessment
Get PDFNavigation systems combined with Augmented Reality (AR) constitute an effective solution for helping user accessing unfamiliar environments, like indoor public facilities. Implementing AR navigation systems requires determining the 6-Degrees-of-Freedom (6-DoF) localization of the user. In indoor environments, lack of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals makes localization more challenging compared to outdoor environments. A variety of positioning systems have emerged for indoor localization which are based on several system strategies, location methods, and technologies. High-accuracy, low-cost, easy to use, and no need for any technical expertise are key features to ensure large-scale application of AR navigation systems. This study provides an answer to these key requirements by proposing a markerless infrastructure-free localization system for AR registration in indoor environments based on the comparison between a query image and a 3D mapping assumed as a reference. Since most people in public facilities are equipped with tablets or smartphone devices, they should be provided with further functionalities that will help them in day-to-day life and work. To this purpose, the proposed localization system was implemented as a web-service and tested in a university campus to assess applicability for AR registration purposes. Experiment results showed very promising localization accuracy and computational efficiency satisfying the “fine-precision” accuracy threshold (i.e., 1°/0.100 m) for near real-time AR applications
A Decision Support System for Scenario Analysis in Energy Refurbishment of Residential Buildings
Get PDFThe energy efficiency of buildings is a key condition in the implementation of national sustainability policies. Energy efficiency of the built heritage is usually achieved through energy contracts or renovation projects that are based on decisions often taken with limited knowledge and in short time frames. However, the collection of comprehensive and reliable technical information to support the decision process is a long and expensive activity. Approximate assessment methods based on stationary thermal models are usually adopted, often introducing unacceptable uncertainties for economically onerous contracts. Hence, it is important to develop tools that, by capitalizing on the operators’ experience, can provide support for fast and reliable assessments. The paper documents the development of a decision support system prototype for the management of energy refurbishment investments in the residential building sector that assists operators in the energy performance assessment, using a limited set of technical information. The system uses a Case Based paradigm enriched with probabilistic modelling to implement decision support within the corporate’s knowledge management framework
Development of a BIM-based spatial conflict simulator for detecting dust hazards
No full textIn construction management, a spatial conflict between two activities is generally identified as the intersection between related workspaces. Such assumption works well for detecting the majority of conflicts. Nevertheless, in certain dynamic scenarios, a spatial interference between two activities may occur even if the related workspaces do not intersect each other. This study, being construction sites one of the major responsible for creating particulate matter (PM), focuses on spatial interferences related to dust hazard, still representing an open issue. In fact, although the correlation between PM concentration and health diseases dates back several decades, no study has addressed yet spatial interferences caused by PM-creating activities under the effect of meteorological and seasonal factors.
In order to cover these gaps, this study proposes a BIM-based spatial conflict simulator that, framed within a workspace management framework, spatially checks future construction work plans according to atmospheric phenomena based on weather forecast data. The resulting prototype, developed within Unity3DTM and tested through sensitivity analysis, has been applied on a real construction site scenario. Experiments results has confirmed the possibility to virtually simulate construction activities and atmospheric phenomena in order to support project managers in adopting countermeasures against dust hazards
BIM-BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF LARGE BUILDING STOCKS
Get PDFWhile on the one hand the BIM methodology is an essential reference for the construction of new buildings, on the other hand it is receiving particular attention and interest also from owners of large building stocks who want to take advantage of the benefits of Building Information Modelling so as to have a coordinated system for the sharing of information and data.
This, especially in a process that concerns the management and maintenance of a large building stocks, involves the processing of uncertain information in BIM, particularly when dealing with existing buildings, due to the lack of and/or incomplete documentation, entailing a significant investment in terms of time and additional costs.
Therefore, to represent the reliability of existing building data, we suggest introducing a tool based on Bayesian Network that offers a valid decision support under conditions of uncertainty and is used to evaluate the compliance with the latest standard.
This paper presents a process to provide an integrated database defined by a minimum information level that can be used both to extrapolate and query specific information from a digital building model and populate the decision model in order to evaluate the performance parameters of existing buildings which is based on a Multicriteria decision making approach (AHP)
Automated IoT-Connected On-Board Fault Detection in Fan-Coils: Prototype Construction and Preliminary Testing
Get PDFThe paper focuses on design and implementation of an IoT connected on-board
automated fault detection and diagnostics prototype (AFDD) for a nonspecific fan-coil,
in turn part of HVAC system and of a distributed digital collaboration framework used
in Facility Management. A research on common IoT architecture and maintenance
strategies has been carried out besides the theoretical development of a Fault detection
diagram on all the typical faults in fan-coil units. A real fan-coil was then inspected to
point out its construction details and the points to be monitored. Then it was equipped
with the prototype AFDD system. All the components and sensors needed to build the
AFDD prototype are commonly available. The design and implementation of automated
fault detection and diagnostics (AFDD) for HVAC fan-coils systems fully exploits
distributed computing for remote and smart system monitoring, anomaly detection and
eventually fault diagnostics to improve maintenance management through the integration
of a large number of data locally gathered by smart sensors. Experimental results on the
prototype are given about some recurrent fan-coil anomalies. Local intelligence allows
a quick and on-site anomaly detection & fault diagnostic, as proven by running the
prototype AFDD equipped fan-coil: it could help managing and scheduling
maintenance, reducing time-to-fix together with indirect and direct costs, if network
connected. Feeding the network with relevant data about the anomalies extracted by the
local intelligence allows sharing the information at every level, also in order to
statistically rate HAVC components service life and reliability
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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