1,720,958 research outputs found
Development of microparticles for oral administration of the non-conventional radical scavenger IAC and testing in an inflammatory rat model.
No full textDevelopment of microparticles for oral administration of the non-conventional radical scavenger
IAC and testing in an inflammatory rat model
1)Cirillo S.. 2)Paolini M.. 3)Vivarelli F.. 4)Passerini N.. 5)Albertini B.. 6)Di sabatino M. 7)Corace G.. 8)Luppi B..
9)Canistro D..
University of Bologna
The bis (1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-decandioate (IAC) is an innovative nonconventional
radical scavenger used with success in several disease models, such as inflammation,
neurological disorders, hepatitis and diabetes. To date, the main limit for the drug use is
represented by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route of administration used in the pharmacological
treatments. In order to develop a delivery system that allowed both oral administration and the
therapeutic efficacy, Solid Lipid Microparticles (SLMs) containing a theoretical 18% w/w of IAC
have been produced. Recently, three formulations (A, B, C) have been tested at different dosages
in an inflammation and pain rat model. Inflammatory model was induced by the use of an
intraplantar injection of 100ml/paw of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Administered per os at
different dosages, IAC B (60% stearic acid-20% Compritol® HD5 ATO) was the most efficient
formulation in reducing oedema and alleviating pain, compared to the gold standard Paracetamol.
Since the anti-diabetic effects of the i.p. formulation of IAC was already demonstrated in vivo, we
are now investigating the therapeutic efficacy of the selected (B) oral IAC formulation (SLMs) in
streptozotocin-nicotinamide diabetic mice
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Preparation of gastroresistant mesalazine lipidic microcapsules
No full textINTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
Mesalazine or 5-aminosalicylic (5-ASA), a typical antiinflatmmatory drug, is customarily used to maintain remission in inflammatory bowel disease (Carter, 2004). Mesalazine acts topically on the colonic mucosa: current 5-ASA delivery systems have been developed to avoid absorption of mesalazine in the small intestine, thereby delivering maximal amounts of the drug to colonic mucosa (Van den Mooter 2006). The aim of this work was to develop and characterize gastro-resistant multiparticulate system for mesalazine colon delivery in paediatric administration.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Mesalazine was kindly supplied by Doppel (Cortemaggiore, Italy) and stearic acid was purchased by ACEF (Fiorenzuola, Italy). Carnauba wax (Produits Roche S.A. France) and Eudragit (Rhom Pharma, Germany) were also used. All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
The 5-ASA microcapsules were manufactured in two steps through the spray-congealing technique. In the first step the mesalazine was disperded in a solution of Eudragit L in isopropyl alcohol prepared under stirring at the tempetature of 70°C. The carnauba wax was added to the dispersion and the temperature was raised up until 95°C to evaporate the isopropyl alcohol and io melt the lipid. The melted mass was sprayed through the WPN nozzle at 3.0 bar. In the second step the microcapsules were obtained by disperding the 5-ASA cores in a low melting point lipid as stearic acid at the temperature around 70°C. At this temperature the microsphere did not melt and remained well dispersed in the liquid mass. The dispersion was sprayed with the WPN nozzle at 1.2 bar and the microcapsules were obtained.
The drug loading was determined by adding the samples to a simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) at pH 7.4 and heating up to 70°C or to 850C to melt the lipophilic carrier as stearic acid or carnauba wax, respectively. The process was carried out under magnetic stirring for 5 hours to extract completely the 5-ASA. The solution was filtered with microcellulose filter and then assayed by UV at 330 nm. The analysis was peformed in triplicate.
The lipid microcapsules were examined both under an optical stereomicroscope (Citoval 2. Jena, Germany) connected to a video camera (JVC, Tokyo, Japan) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM, JSM 6400, Jeol Ltd. Tokyo, Japan).
Physical changes in microcapsules during heating were monitored by Hot Stage Microscopy (HSM). A hot plate
(FP 52 Mettler, Grefensee, Switzerland) connected to a temperature controller (FP 5 Mettler) was used ..........
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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