1,721,005 research outputs found
People are motivated to enter and mantain romantic relationships because they are sources of significance
Full text linkDrawing on significance quest theory (Kruglanski et al., 2022) and its derived model of love (Krugalnski et al., 2023), the present dissertation argued that real or potential romantic partners should be chosen for both – entering and maintaining – romantic relationships to the extent they are perceived as able to enhance one’s sense of significance. Study 1a and 1b demonstrated that a) merit, and b) appreciation features of a potential partner increase the significance one expects to gain through a romantic relationship with that specific potential partner which, in turn, enhanced the likelihood to enter in a romantic relationship. Study 2, through a longitudinal methodology, showed that the same is true for relationship maintenance. Further, Study 3 demonstrated that the significance gained through love and the inclusion of the other in the self (Aron & Aron, 1986) are two distinct constructs, both associated with relationship’s maintenance intention among people engaged in a romantic relationship. Study 4 demonstrated that a partner’s merit features and appreciation features interact differently with an individual's sense of significance loss. Specifically, individuals experiencing feelings of significance loss were more sensitive to their partners’ merit features in terms of significance gained through the relationship. However, appreciation features had this effect only for women, not men. Study 5, conducted with real couples, confirmed that a partner’s appreciation features interacted with actor’s significance loss only for women. Meanwhile, for men, it was the actor’s appreciation features that interacted with actor’s significance loss. Additionally, these findings revealed that the appreciation factor could enhance an individual's sense of significance gained in a romantic relationship through the ‘actor’ effect as well. Results are discussed in the light of the rich social psychological literature on romantic relationships, and future directions are outlined
HOW PERCEIVED CULTURAL TIGHTNESS AND PREVENTION FOCUS CAN AFFECT SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING
No full textSubjective well-being can be amplified by the match between individuals’ characteristics and the prevailing culture in their environment, according to an interactionist perspective. Consistently, we tested the hypothesis that people’s life satisfaction may increase when people perceive high cultural tightness (i.e., strict social norms and punishments for deviance) where they reside and they simultaneously have a high prevention focus (i.e., a regulatory focus on safety and the avoidance of undesirable outcomes by following the rules). We enrolled 472 participants residing in Italy in a study conducted with a cross-sectional design. The hypothesis was tested through a moderated multiple regression model. As predicted, prevention focus moderated the
effect of cultural tightness perceived in one’s place of residence on life satisfaction. More specifically, in a condition of high (vs. low) prevention focus, perceived cultural tightness was positively associated to life satisfaction. Notably, data were collected during the COVID-19 pandemic, a particular health threat that could possibly have increased the prevention focus of individuals, while tightening the social norms to survive the threat. Practical and research implications will be discussed
Intergroup Contact Is Associated with Less Negative Attitude toward Women Managers: The Bolstering Effect of Social Dominance Orientation
Full text linkThis cross-sectional study examined the intergroup contact hypothesis in the workplace by enrolling 150 Italian employees. Within the framework of social dominance theory, the purpose of this study was to test the assumption that individuals with higher levels of social dominance orientation are more likely to exhibit prejudice against women in managerial positions and benefit more from intergroup contact with a female supervisor. In particular, we found that individuals with higher levels of social dominance orientation exhibited more negative attitudes towards women in manager positions, but this effect only appeared when their superiors were women, as opposed to men. In addition, participants with higher social dominance orientation experienced more positive outcomes from intergroup contact, resulting in less negative attitudes toward women managers, than those with lower social dominance orientation. Overall, these findings yield insights into how intergroup contact affects individuals with prejudice tendencies, indicating that contact with the targeted group (i.e., women in managerial positions) is negatively associated with negative attitudes towards the group, even when the prejudice is driven by social dominance orientation. These results could shed light on new routes to design practical intervention aimed at solving prejudice towards women in leadership roles
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Means substitutability in personal significance restoration
Full text linkDrawing on Significance Quest Theory, we hypothesized that when people experience a loss of significance related to a specific life domain, they will aim to restore their significance by acting in an extreme manner in a different life domain. To test this hypothesis, we ran two cross-sectional studies using samples of employed people in romantic relationships. Study 1 tested if people experiencing a loss of significance in the romantic relationship domain were more prone to extremism at work. Study 2 tested whether people experiencing work-related significance loss were more prone to engage in obsessive relational intrusion (ORI) toward their romantic partner. Results from both studies confirmed our hypothesis, suggesting that both amorous relationships and careers are perceived as fruitful in maintaining or restoring ones’ sense of personal significance, even if the original loss of significance is derived from an unrelated domain. Notably, this research represents one of the first tests of the key assumption of Significance Quest Theory entailing the substitutability of means through which one can attain or renew their sense of significance
Striving for identity goals by self-symbolizing on Instagram
No full textThe present research applies symbolic self completion theory (SCT) to explain online behaviors and predict what users
will post on Instagram. Across three experiments, we tested whether medical and law students who sense incompleteness
with respect to their professional identity goals engage in compensatory self-symbolizing by increasing their online posting of respective indicators of goal attainment (e.g., medical coats, court clothes). Study 1 found that incomplete medical
students post more medicine-related symbols. Study 2 replicated this effect in a sample of law students and clarified that
students’ self-symbolizing posts specifically relate to their incomplete goal (law career) and not to other non-pertinent
domains (university life). Finally, Study 3 demonstrated that incomplete medical students only engage in self-symbolizing
when their incompleteness refers to their career goal and not to other careers they do not aspire to (a law career). Implications for understanding online behavior, preventing negative consequences of self-symbolizing on social media, and
deepening the study of self-completion processes are discussed
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Significance loss as the rhetoric of extreme ideologies : evidence from the political and the terroristic context
Full text linkDrawing on the Significance Quest Theory (Kruglanski et al., 2022), we used the Honor Dictionary (Gelfand et al., 2015) in a word frequency textual analysis (Pennebaker et al., 2007) to investigate extreme rhetoric. We thus conducted two studies. The first, investigating the political context, compared speeches of fascist dictator Benito Mussolini (1918–1945, N = 284) with those of democratic Presidents of the Italian Republic (1949–2006, N = 901). The second, focused on lone-actors terrorists, examined texts from the Extremist Manifesto Database (EMD, Grigoryan et al., 2023) and compared writings by terrorists driven by political ideologies (left & right-wing, ethno-nationalists, and anti-government, N = 65) with those of terrorists motivated by religious ideologies (N = 23). Notably, we hypothesized and found that, compared to democratic rhetoric, fascist rhetoric contained (a) more words expressing feelings of lost honor and (b) fewer words reflecting gaining honor. Moreover, as expected, we found that lone-actor religious terrorists’ rhetoric, compared to lone-actor political terrorists, contained more words expressing feelings of lost honor and fewer words expressing honor gain. Notably, this is the first research to use the Honor Dictionary to linguistically measure the activation of the need for significance, demonstrating a strong correlation with the endorsement of extreme ideologies. Further, our research supports the hypothesis that extreme rhetoric reflects–and aims to induce–significance loss feelings
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