1,720,955 research outputs found
Differences between intimate partner homicide perpetrators: a case study of twelve inmates.
No full textResearch underlines the need to identify risk factor of Intimate Partner Homicide (IPH), however the difference between the IPH perpetrators is still minimized.
This work proposes a case study to identify the personality characteristics of twelve males detained for IPH. The subjects were involved in the project “Assessment and management of risk of violent recidivism” of the Lazio Order of Psychologists and the Italian Department of Prison Administration.
The assessment of perpetrators was conducted with the HCR-20v.3 procedure that implies psychological tools for the diagnosis. The Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R), the Rorschach Test and clinical interviews were administered.
The PCL-R highlights the low presence of psychopathic traits (M=16.72, SD=9.47) and social deviance characteristics (M=7.75, SD=6.27) but reveals interpersonal and affective deficits (M=8,3, SD=5.93). The 58.3% show an adequate reality cognitive perception and the 83.3% have a good social adaptability, at the Rorschach Test. The perpetrators show the following personality characteristics: 5 narcissistic/perverse; 2 borderline/histrionic; 5 avoidant/obsessive.
Overall, the IPH perpetrators show low psychopathic traits and are socially adequate. Nevertheless, the homicide committed by borderline and avoidant/obsessive personalities represent the end of a conflictual relational dynamics between the murderer and his victim. The violence represents the inability of these subjects to manage negative emotions when they feel threatened. Whereas, the narcissistic/perverse personalities aim to intentionally destroy the other, experienced as miserable object. Indeed, these are psychological untreatable because manipulate and destroy every relationship. On the contrary, it is possible to implement psychological interventions addressed to borderline and avoidant/obsessive personalities, if they are still able to experience the dependence on the other
Psychological profiles of male offenders: A research project in Italian prisons.
No full textIntroduction
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a pervasive phenomenon that impacts on mental health and negatively affects social and economic aspects. The contribute proposes a research of the Lazio Order of Psychologists, in collaboration with the Italian Department of Prison Administration, aiming at identifying personality characteristics of batterers for the development of treatment strategies. Previous studies identified three types of perpetrators, thus distributed (Dutton, 2007): 30% Impulsive, 40% Instrumental and 30% Overcontrolled. While the first two are characterized by specific disorders, Borderline Personality Disorder and Antisocial Personality Disorder respectively, the third does not suit with a specific one.
Objective
The aim was the assessment and the management of risk for violent recidivism of 57 man, imprisoned for crimes related to IPV.
Method
The assessment of inmate envisaged clinical interviews dispensed in one or more sessions, the Rorschach Test and the PCL-R for the evaluation of psychopathy (Hare, 1993).
Results
The percentage of the three types of offenders is coherent with literature, as well as personality characteristics. Moreover, a significant data emerged about overcontrolled population: violence committed is related to conflicting relationship dynamics and not abusive relationships.
Conclusion
The identification of the personality characteristics of offenders and the differentiation between abusive and conflicting relationships are useful aspects to define the psychological treatability and to manage the violence. Particularly, the overcontrolled population could be more treatable because less affected from severe personality disorders. Therefore, future research should explore this population, not enough studied, in order to define adequate treatment strategies. Theoretical and clinical implications will be discussed
Envy-related dynamics in criminal conduct: a case-control study between male inmate and general population and further insights on murderers.
No full textDespite envy having been suggested as a potential trigger of criminal conduct, no research evidence exists in this regard. The present study has a two-fold aim: 1. To examine differences on envy-related dynamics between male perpetrators and non-perpetrators. 2. To test differences on envy, personality characteristics and psychopathy between murderers and non-murderers among perpetrators.
The sample included 40 male inmates who had committed violence in intimate relationships - respectively homicide (19), sexual assault (10) and physical violence (10) - and a comparison group of 40 men balanced by age from the general population.
The Projective Envy Technique (PET) was used for both the groups, whereas the Rorschach Test and the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised were also administered to perpetrators.
Independent samples t-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests were performed.
Statistically significant results were found only on PET indexes.
With regard to group comparison, perpetrators take more time to complete the PET (M=718.78, SD=376.95) than their counterpart (M=516.03, SD=218.67), t(55,21)=2.82, p=.005. As well, they show lower frustration scores (M=3.25, SD=2.62) than non-perpetrators (M=4.73, SD=3.75), t(78) =-2.04, p=.045. In respect of the differences between murderers and non-murderers, the former report higher aggressiveness scores (Mdn=1) than the latter (Mdn=0), U=119.000, p=.029., r=.37.
The greater time in taking the test by perpetrators suggests a potential inhibition tendency in coping with envy-evoking stimuli; as well the lower frustration reveals the difficulty to express sadness and disappointment when failing to achieve one’s desires. It could be hypothesized that perpetrators tend to suppress envious feelings through easing the painful and self-threatening experiences.
Compared to other perpetrators, murderers show additional strategies based on destructive responses towards others, which seem to indicate the acting-out of the suppressed frustration
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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