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Tra Adriatico e Balcani. L’irredentismo nell’università italiana nel periodo interbellico. Padova, Venezia e Trieste.
Full text linkLa questione dell'irredentismo italiano è stata descritta da vari studi soprattutto in relazione alla politica dell'Italia liberale. Tra le due guerre mondiali, l'irredentismo persiste nella sua versione imperialista fascista motivandone le ambizioni espansionistiche nel Mediterraneo. Ciò è osservabile anche nel contesto accademico italiano, in particolare nell'Italia nord-orientale, dove la passione per le "Terre irredente" non si stemperò del tutto con la fine del primo conflitto mondiale.
Partendo da un'introduzione analitica sui concetti di Nazionalismo e Irredentismo, la tesi analizza l’argomento in tre sezioni, corrispondenti a tre aree di indagine. Nella prima viene descritto l'approccio ufficiale delle università di Padova, Ca' Foscari e Trieste alla questione dell'italianità dalmata. In epoca fascista, l'Università di Padova basò la sua centralità regionale e sovraregionale sulla memoria passata della dominazione della Serenissima, recuperando l'Irredentismo ai fini della sua politica accademica. Da parte sua, Ca' Foscari fu il motore delle iniziative culturali dedicate alla Dalmazia promosse da istituzioni esterne. Nel caso dell'Università di Trieste, l'irredentismo si manifestò nella valorizzazione della memoria della battaglia per ottenere un'università in terra giuliana in epoca asburgica.
Una componente vitale del movimento era rappresentata dagli studenti iscritti ai rispettivi Gruppi universitari fascisti (Guf), ciascuno caratterizzato da un proprio ambiente accademico. Tra questi, il Guf di Zara, nato da una precedente associazione studentesca fondata alla fine del XIX secolo, ebbe un ruolo da protagonista, sia a livello locale che nazionale, figurando alla fine degli anni '20 e all'inizio degli anni '30, come il principale promotore dell'irredentismo giovanile verso la Dalmazia.
Nella seconda sezione, la tesi prende in esame quattro docenti irredentisti, rappresentanti altrettante discipline: Luigi De Marchi per la Geografia, Bruno Dudan per la Storiografia, Arturo Cronia per la Slavistica, Ferdinando Pasini per la Letteratura. Attraverso il confronto con i professori non fascisti, si osserva come l'Irredentismo non fosse motivato solo dalla politica o dall'ambiente, ma soprattutto dalla formazione individuale, dalla prospettiva nazionale e dall'osservazione pratica del mondo. Il carattere della ricerca accademica, quindi, non presentava elementi di esplicita rivendicazione, piuttosto di definizione critica potenzialmente funzionale alla propaganda e alla politica del regime.
Nella terza sezione la tesi considera l'aspetto giovanile, analizzando l'influenza politica e culturale sulla gioventù universitaria degli anni Venti e Trenta. Fonte principale è la tesi di laurea, di carattere politico, culturale ed economico. Redatte secondo i tempi della politica estera fascista, in esse prevale l'idea di una persistente italianità della Dalmazia ritenuta indubitabile dagli studenti, per i quali essa era entrata temporaneamente in crisi e solo in tempi recenti, soprattutto a causa delle politiche di stati percepiti come nemici dell'Italia.
L'insieme delle tre sezioni, in relazione all'arco cronologico considerato (1919-1943), definisce l'evoluzione dell'Irredentismo in epoca fascista quale sentimento condiviso e funzionale alla mobilitazione della popolazione a seconda del momento della politica estera, ma anche come strumento educativo dell’uomo nuovo fascista. Questa figura, rigidamente inquadrata, grazie a specifici studi pionieristici o indubbiamente importanti, avrebbe dovuto possedere gli strumenti necessari per una consapevole difesa culturale dei diritti italiani sull'Adriatico, partecipando contemporaneamente alle iniziative politiche espansionistiche del fascismo nei Balcani e nel Mediterraneo.The question of Italian irredentism has been described by various studies, especially in relation to the politics of liberal Italy. Between the two world wars, Irredentism persisted in its fascist imperialist version, in order to motivate Italian expansionist ambitions in the Mediterranean Sea. It can be observed especially in the Italian academic context, particularly in north-eastern Italy, where sensitivity to the ‘Terre irredente’ survived the Great war.
Starting from an analytical introduction on the concepts of Nationalism and Irredentism, the Phd candidate analize the topic by dividing it into three sections, corresponding to three areas of investigation. In the first section, the author describes the official approach of the universities of Padua, Ca' Foscari and Trieste to the issue of Dalmatian Italianness. In the Fascist era, the University of Padua based its regional and supra-regional centrality on the past memory of the Serenissima's domination, recovering Irredentism for the purposes of its academic policy. For its part, Ca' Foscari was the driving force behind the cultural initiatives dedicated to Dalmatia promoted by external institutions. In the case of the University of Trieste, Irredentism manifested itself in the enhancement of the memory of the battle for the Italian university during the Habsburg era.
A component of the movement was represented by the students enrolled in the respective Gruppi universitari fascisti (Guf), each one characterised by its own academic environment. Among them, the Guf di Zara/Zadar, which grew out of an earlier student association founded at the end of the 19th century, played a special role, both locally and nationally. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, it was the main promoter of youth Irredentism towards Dalmatia.
In the second section, the author proposes a cultural analysis centred on four irredentist teachers, representing as many disciplines: Luigi De Marchi for Geography, Bruno Dudan for Historiography, Arturo Cronia for Slavistics, Ferdinando Pasini for Literature. Through a comparison with non-Fascist professors, it can be observed that Irredentism was not only motivated by politics or by the environment but by individual training, national perspective and practical observation of the world. The character of academic research, therefore, does not present elements of explicit vindication, but rather of critical definition potentially functional to the propaganda and politics of the regime.
In the third section the author analyses the youth aspect, describing the political and cultural influence among the students. The characterising and symbolic element is the bachelor dissertation. This category of document was divided between political, cultural and economic nature, and it was written according to the times of Fascist foreign policy. The idea of a persistent Dalmatian Italianness prevails in them: students believed that it was only in crisis in recent times, mainly due to the policies of states perceived as enemies of Italy.
The three sections together define the evolution of Irredentism in the Fascist era. It was a shared sentiment functional to the mobilisation of the population according to the moment of foreign policy but also an education tool of the new Fascist man. This figure, rigidly framed, thanks to specified pioneering or undoubtedly important studies, should have possessed the necessary tools for a conscious cultural defence of Italian rights on the Adriatic. At the same time, it had to be an attentive participant in Fascism's expansionist political initiatives in the Balkans and the Mediterranean
Venezia Giulia and Dalmatia: Geography and the relationship with the Slavs at the University of Padua after the First World War
Full text linkThe issue of the Italian eastern border after World War I has interested many Italian, Slovenian and Croatian scholars in the field of politics and diplomatic relations. It is known that Italy's diplomatic failure at Versailles in 1919 led to the rise of D'Annunzio's nationalism, which was entirely adopted by Fascism. The question of the Italian eastern border was provisionally resolved in 1920 but its final conclusion came with the Treaty of Rome signed in 1924 concerning the partition of the Free State of Fiume. During this period several Italian intellectuals contributed to the political debate on borders. Before, during and after the war, the city of Padua was one of the main centres of Italian democratic irredentism. Within its university, some professors influenced students through their lectures and historical‐geographical teaching and set a basis for a new kind of knowledge, in between populism and scientific instances.
With this contribution, the author considers some particular cases that during the First World War and immediately afterwards exposed their positions through their academic teaching. Among these, the liberal‐patriotic Friulian geographers Arrigo Lorenzi and Francesco Musoni, both professors in Padua, affirming that Italy should reach its natural borders along the Alpine ridge as far as the Istrian and, for Musoni, Dalmatian mountains. Noteworthy at a time, when nationalism pitted peoples against each other, they considered Slavic culture as a natural and historical characteristic of north‐eastern Italy: even if they affirmed it had been used by the Germans to annihilate Italian culture, it should not be eliminated but integrated jointly with the creation of friendly relations with the Kingdom of SCS.
Despite their ideas, history would turn out differently. Their example, however, bears witness to the fact that in intellectual circles and in higher education in Italy after the Great War, in particular among geographers, there was a minority aiming at a peace that went beyond nation alism and was based on study and knowledge regarding neighbouring countries
ADVANCING THE UNDERSTANDING OF INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEINS THROUGH STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, EVALUATION OF PREDICTION TOOLS, AND DATABASE ENRICHMENT
Full text linkThis PhD thesis focuses on intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), a class of proteins that lack stable three-dimensional structures under physiological conditions but play crucial roles in numerous biological processes.
It centers on developing computational tools, methodologies, and resources to analyze protein structures and predict intrinsic disorder from primary sequences.
The first component of this study is DRMAAtic, a tool designed for efficient distributed resource management in an HPC environment.
By integrating APIs and web server functionalities, it enables large-scale exploitation of computational clusters, essential for processing high-throughput analyses, providing different tools for managing resources, users, and a fair use of the system.
Next, the Residue Interaction Network Generator (RING) is introduced, a tool that analyzes and visualizes residue interactions in protein structures, including various interaction types and contact distributions.
This is critical for understanding protein dynamics and interactions.
Coupled with DRMAAtic, RING forms the basis of a powerful web platform for the scientific community, offering advanced tools for the analysis of protein structures and interactions.
Additionally, the thesis presents the methods and results of the second round of the Critical Assessment of Intrinsic Disorder Prediction (CAID) experiment, which evaluated the performance of state-of-the-art disorder predictors.
From this, the CAID Prediction Portal was developed using DRMAAtic as its foundation, integrating multiple predictors into a unified web platform.
This portal provides a valuable resource for accurate and comprehensive predictions of IDP regions and binding sites.
Lastly, the thesis explores the progress made in enhancing MobiDB, a comprehensive database for protein disorder and mobility annotations.
MobiDB consolidates information from literature, experimental evidence, and predictions, providing a unified perspective on the disorder landscape across all known protein sequences.
The discussion will cover recent advancements in MobiDB, including the incorporation of new data sources, upgraded APIs, and improved visualization tools.
This study advances computational biology by providing essential tools and resources for analyzing protein structures and interactions, predicting intrinsic disorder, and providing a core resource for the scientific community such as MobiDB.
The evaluation of disorder predictors and the development of the CAID Prediction Portal set new standards for the field, raising the bar for the accuracy and reliability of disorder predictions
An Efficient Algorithm for Assessing the Number of st-Paths in Large Graphs
No full textCounting the number of subgraphs, or patterns, of a certain kind is at the heart of data mining, and st-paths are one of the most basic graph patterns to express connectivity. The problem of counting the number of st-paths in a graph, both directed and undirected, has been studied since the 70s, and is one of the original \#P-complete problems introduced by Valiant [Valiant, SIAM Journal on Computing, 1979]. However, counting can be a heavy task and known algorithms already struggle on graphs with hundreds of nodes. For this reason we propose a novel approach: we assess whether the number of st-paths of an undirected graph is at least a given number z. Instead of finding paths one-by-one (i.e., listing), our algorithm is based on decomposing and collapsing computational tasks arranged in a tree-like structure to enhance the effectiveness of each step in growing the number of paths found. Extensive experimental results on real-world datasets show the algorithm scaling to graphs with millions of nodes and edges, with z in the trillions. Its performance is orders of magnitude better than state-of-the-art listing algorithms adapted to this task
Cliques are Too Strict for Representing Communities: Finding Large k-plexes in Real Networks
Full text linkk-plexes are a formal yet flexible way of defining communities in networks. They generalize the notion of cliques and are more appropriate in most real cases: while a node of a clique C is connected to all other nodes of C, a node of a k-plex may miss up to k connections. Unfortunately, computing all maximal k-plexes is a gruesome task and state-of-the-art algorithms can only process small-size networks. In this paper we propose a new approach for enumerating large k-plexes in networks that speeds up the search by several orders of magnitude, leveraging on efficient techniques for the computation of maximal cliques
Generalizing Downsampling from Regular Data to Graphs
Full text linkDownsampling produces coarsened, multi-resolution representations of data and it is used, for example, to produce lossy compression and visualization of large images, reduce computational costs, and boost deep neural representation learning.
Unfortunately, due to their lack of a regular structure, there is still no consensus on how downsampling should apply to graphs and linked data. Indeed reductions in graph data are still needed for the goals described above, but reduction mechanisms do not have the same focus on preserving topological structures and properties, while allowing for resolution-tuning, as is the case in regular data downsampling.
In this paper, we take a step in this direction, introducing a unifying interpretation of downsampling in regular and graph data. In particular, we define a graph coarsening mechanism which is a graph-structured counterpart of controllable equispaced coarsening mechanisms in regular data. We prove theoretical guarantees for distortion bounds on path lengths, as well as the ability to preserve key topological properties in the coarsened graphs. We leverage these concepts to define a graph pooling mechanism that we empirically assess in graph classification tasks, providing a greedy algorithm that allows efficient parallel implementation on GPUs, and showing that it compares favorably against pooling methods in literature
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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