1,721,094 research outputs found
Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment in Hemodialysis Patients on Kidney Transplant Waiting List. Comment on: Nakai et al
No full textNot applicable (commentary article
Outcome of kidney function in adults on long-term home parenteral nutrition for chronic intestinal failure
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate kidney function outcome in adults on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for chronic intestinal failure using the newly recommended equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) assessment in clinical practice. Methods: This was an observational study with 72 patients. Clinical and biochemical parameters were collected at initiation of HPN (retrospective baseline [BL]), at inclusion in the study (cross-sectional [CS]), and at the end of a 30-mo prospective follow-up (Fup). The eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2 body surface) was calculated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine and categorized as normal, mildly decreased (MDKF), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) when ≥90, 60 to 89, and <60, respectively. Results: An eGFR<90 was observed in 41.7% of patients at BL, 53.4% at CS, and 56.6% at Fup. A CKD was present in all of the patients at BL, 20.1% at CS, and 35.9% at Fup. The probability of maintaining an eGFR ≥60 was 98%, 82%, and 79% at 1, 5, and 10 y after BL, respectively (Kaplan-Meier analysis). The probability was lower in patients with MDKF at BL (P = 0.039). The development of a CKD was significantly associated with aging and urologic diseases and numerically associated with the episodes of venous-catheter sepsis, short bowel syndrome, and a low volume of HPN. Conclusions: In patients on HPN for chronic intestinal failure, decreased kidney function is a frequent finding, even at HPN commencement, demanding accurate monitoring during the treatment. Prevention of CKD primarily relies on the maintenance of fluid balance and the prevention of catheter-sepsis and urologic diseases
Kidney Transplant from donors after cardiac death (DCD): monocentric experience and literature review
No full textIl trapianto di rene da donatore dopo morte cardiaca (DCD) rappresenta una valida opzione per incrementare il numero di organi disponibili, mantenendo standard di sopravvivenza e di funzionalità del graft sovrapponibili ai trapianti da donatore per morte cerebrale (DBD). Il Centro di Riferimento Trapianti dell’Emilia Romagna ha attivato un programma di donazione da DCD a partire da Gennaio 2016. Il presente studio è stato condotto con lo scopo di analizzare la casistica dei trapianti di rene eseguiti nei primi 30 mesi di attività del programma, confrontando gli outcome dei DCD con quelli dei trapianti da donatore DBD eseguiti nello stesso periodo. Sono stati inoltre indagati eventuali fattori prognostici predittivi di funzionalità renale. Nel periodo esaminato sono stati eseguiti 16 trapianti di rene da 10 donatori DCD (5 SCD-DCD e 5 ECD-DCD). Non sono state osservate Primary Non Function(PNF). Sono state osservate 2 graft loss entro 12 mesi, entrambe conseguenti a transplantectomia per rottura dell’arteria renale in corso di complicanza infettiva. Due pazienti sono deceduti in seguito a tali complicanze infettive. La DGF ha avuto un’incidenza del 44%. In termini di funzionalità del trapianto non sono state osservate differenze nei valori di creatininemia ed eGFR alla dimissione, a 12 ed a 24 mesi rispetto ai DBD. Le caratteristiche di marginalità del donatore (ECD-DCD o KDPI >65%) correlavano con una più elevata incidenza di DGF e valori di funzione renale peggiori alla dimissione. Nessuno dei fattori analizzati, tra cui lo Score di Karpinsky, ha mostrato correlazione con i valori di creatiniemia e filtrato glomerulare a 12 e 24 mesi.Kidney transplant from donor after circulatory death (DCD) represents a valid choice to increase the incidence of renal transplantation, presenting recipients' and grafts' survival rates comparable to those from brain dead donors (DBD). In January 2016, the Transplant Referral Center in the Emilia Romagna region has started a DCD program. In the present study we report on the first 30 months of the program as far as our own Center in Bologna is concerned, and we provide a comparison with DBD transplants performed over the same period. From January 2016 to September 2018, 16 kidney transplants from 10 DCD donors (5 SCD-DCD and 5 ECD-DCD) have been performed, with two graft-loss at 12 months of follow-up, both due to renal artery rupture caused by infectious arteritis with consequent transplantectomy. Two patients died due to sepsis. Seven (44%) delay graft function (DGF) have been reported. No differences have been found between DCD and DBD in terms of kidney function (serum creatinine and eGFR evaluated at discharge, 12 and 24 months of follow-up). Kidney from marginal donors (ECD-DCD or KDPI >65%) were associated with a higher rate of DGF and worst graft function at discharge. All the predicting factors that have been analysed, including Karpinsky Score, failed to show an association with serum creatinine and eGFR at 12 and 24 months of follow up
[Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), ongoing studies]
No full textLa glomerulonefrite membranosa rappresenta il 20% dei casi di sindrome nefrosica dell’adulto, con una incidenza annuale di 1/100.000 pazienti/anno. Negli ultimi 10 anni è stato identificato nel podocita il vero responsabile del processo patologico. In risposta a possibili triggers ambientali in pazienti geneticamente predisposti, il podocita espone epitopi antigenici (recettore della fosfolipasi A2, trombospondina tipo 1) che diventano bersaglio di autoanticorpi in grado di attivare il complemento e determinare danno della membrana basale glomerulare. Rimane incerto il meccanismo effettivamente patogenetico in queste complesse interazioni. Da queste acquisizioni sono derivati nuovi trattamenti focalizzati sui meccanismi specifici di blocco delle vie di attivazione della malattia con l’ipotesi di superamento dei farmaci convenzionali ad attività meno specifica. ll rituximab (Rtx), anticorpo monoclonale diretto contro il CD20 espresso dai linfociti B, è utilizzato in numerosi trials con lo scopo di bloccare la produzione di anticorpi. Il presupposto degli studi in corso deriva dal GEMRITUX trial, in cui Rtx si è dimostrato in grado di indurre remissione della sindrome nefrosica in circa il 65% dei pazienti senza un maggior rischio di eventi avversi; resta da definire lo schema terapeutico e posologico più efficace. Altri trials evidenziano nuovi orientamenti della ricerca su meccanismi di blocco specifico (belimumab) ed aspecifico (ACTH) e più occasionali segnalazioni prendono in considerazione nuove possibili opzioni terapeutiche quali l’ofatumumab, il bortezomib e l’eculizumab. Queste novità in campo patogenetico e terapeutico hanno determinato un impulso alla ricerca sui processi patologici implicati nella genesi delle nefropatie glomerulari ed avviato nuove prospettive di trattamento.The membranous nephropathy (MN) is the major cause of nephrotic syndrome in in the adult, account for 20% of cases with annual incidence is 1 in 100.000. In the past 10 years, the role of podocytes has been identified; environmental triggers in genetically predisposed patients can activate podocytes to exhibit antigenic epitopes (receptor of phospholipase A2, thrombospondin type 1) that become targets of specific autoantibodies with subsequent complement activation. The discovery of this mechanisms has opened new horizons in the therapy of MN and novel drugs are available with more specific mechanism of action. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against CD20 expressed by lymphocytes B, has been used in several trials and appears able to induce remission of nephrotic syndrome in 60% of patients (GEMRITUX trial) with similar risk profile. Nowadays it remains to define the most effective therapeutic pattern. In MN, the concept of targeting disease control, has permit novel therapies with specific blocking mechanisms (belimumab) and non-specific (ACTH) and new therapeutic options, such as ofatumumab, bortezomib and eculizumab, that have allowed to recognize pathological processes involved in the glomerular diseases
Donor/recipient delta age: A possible risk for arterial stenosis in renal transplantation
Full text linkDifferent arterial wall properties can significantly increase the risk of blood turbulent fluxes leading to complications such as atherosclerosis. Since the mechanical properties of arterial vessels are influenced by age, we investigated, in a retrospective study, the effects on renal artery stenosis of an age difference >15 years between donor and recipient in a cohort of 164 patients undergoing renal transplantation between 1981 and 1991. The age difference between donor and recipient was ≤15 years in 87 patients (53.0%) (Group A) and >15 years in 77 patients (47.0%) (Group B, p=ns). None of the Group A patients developed an anastomotic arterial stenosis, whereas 8/77 Group B patients (10.4%) had an anastomotic arterial stenosis (p<0.001). This study shows that an age difference >15 years is significantly linked to the risk of developing arterial stenosis after renal transplantation. Indeed, different wall properties can significantly increase the risk of generation of blood turbulent fluxes and involve, in the arterial vessels, the development of complications such as atherosclerosis
Overcoming challenges in patient selection and monitoring in combined heart and kidney transplantation
No full textCombined heart-kidney transplantation (HKT) is a growing therapeutic strategy in patients with advanced heart failure (HF) and concomitant chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although patients with advanced HF and need for chronic haemodialysis have a clear indication for combined HKT, challenges to current practice lie in identifying those patients with severely depressed kidney function, which will not recover kidney function after restoration of appropriate haemodynamic conditions following heart transplantation (HT) alone. Because of the paucity of available organs, maximisation of kidney graft utility whilst minimising the operative risks associated with combined transplantation is mandatory. The benefits of HKT go beyond the mere restoration of kidney function. Data from registry analysis show that HKT improves overall survival in patients with CKD, as compared to heart transplant only, and it is associated with reduced incidence of heart allograft rejection, likely through the promotion of host immune tolerance mechanisms. In patients not requiring chronic dialysis, kidney-after-heart strategy may be explored, instead of combined HKT, in particular when the aetiology of CKD is unclear. This indeed allows for monitoring and gaging of indications for combined transplantation in the postoperative period. This approach however should be matched with priority listing for kidney transplantation given the high waitlist mortality in heart transplant recipients with associated CKD. The use of kidney machine perfusion may represent an additional tool to optimise the outcome of HKT, allowing more time to stabilise the patient after HT surgery
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
If the myocardium reflects too much, you'd better start reflecting yourself!
No full textCaso clinico discusso da Claudio Rapezz
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