1,720,955 research outputs found
Association between striatal accumulation of FosB/ΔFosB and long-term psychomotor sensitization to amphetamine in mice depends on the genetic background
No full textPrevious results demonstrated association between increased FosB/Delta FosB immunostaining in the ventromedial striatum and behavioral sensitization to amphetamine promoted by repeated stress or by repeated pairings of the psychostimulant and the testing cage in mice of the C57BL/6J strain. The present experiments tested this association in an additional protocol, its stability following the end of the sensitizing procedure and its generalization to mice from a different inbred strain. Eleven days after repeated administration of amphetamine within their home-cages, mice of the C57BL/6J strain expressed sensitization to the psychomotor effects of the psychostimulant when tested in a novel cage. At this time-point the same mice showed increased FosB/Delta FosB immunostaining in the ventromedial striatum. Instead, mice of the genetically unrelated DBA/2J inbred strain expressing robust sensitization in the same protocol did not show changes in FosB/Delta FosB immunostaining throughout the striatal complex. Lack of effects in FosB/Delta FosB immunostaining was also observed in DBA/2J mice behaviorally sensitized by repeated pairings of amphetamine with the test cage. These results demonstrate that mice, depending on the genetic background, can develop robust and long-lasting behavioral sensitization to amphetamine in the absence of striatal Delta FosB accumulation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Strain-specific proportion of the two isoforms of the dopamine D2 receptor in the mouse striatum: associated neural and behavioral phenotypes
No full textGenetic variability in the proportion of the two alternative dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) mRNA splice variants, D2R-long (D2L) and D2R-short (D2S), influence corticostriatal functioning and could be implicated in liability to psychopathology. This study compared mesostriatal D2L/D2S ratios and associated neural and behavioral phenotypes in mice of the DBA/2J and C57BL/6J-inbred strains, which differ for schizophrenia- and addiction-like phenotypes. Results showed that DBA/2J mice lack the striatal predominance of D2L that has been reported in the rat and in C57BL/6J mice and confirmed in the latter strain by this study. Only C57BL/6J mice showed enhanced striatal c-Fos expression under D1R and D2/3R co-stimulation, indicating synergistic interaction between the subtypes of DA receptors. Instead, DBA/2J mice were characterized by opposing effects of D2/3R and D1R stimulation on striatal c-Fos expression, in line with a more pronounced influence of D2S isoform, and did not express stereotyped climbing under D1R and D2/3R co-stimulation, as reported for D2L-/- mice. Finally, strain-specific modulation of c-Fos expression by D1R and D2/3R co-stimulation was selectively observed in striatal compartments receiving inputs from the prefrontal cortex and involved in the control of motivated behaviors. These results show differences in tissue-specific D2R splicing in mice with intact genotypes and support a role for this phenotype in individual variability of corticostriatal functioning and in liability to psychopathology
DeltaFosB accumulation in ventro-medial caudate underlies the induction but not the expression of behavioral sensitization by both repeated amphetamine and stress
No full textBoth repeated psychostimulants and stress have the ability to promote behavioral sensitization, i.e. enhanced behavioral response to drug challenge. To test whether the behavioral phenotype is also accompanied by similar neuroplastic adaptations, the present study evaluated changes in Fos and FosB/DeltaFosB transcription factors induced in the brain of C57BL/6J mice behaviorally sensitized by repeated amphetamine or repeated restraint stress. Groups of mice received repeated injections of D-amphetamine or saline in group-specific environments. Different groups of mice experienced 2 h of restraint daily for 10 consecutive days. Amphetamine- pre-treated mice, drug-challenged in the environment in which they received drug treatments (Paired), as well as repeatedly stressed mice expressed robust sensitization to the locomotor effects of amphetamine. Both stress- and amphetamine-pre-treated groups showed changes in amphetamine-induced Fos expression; however, none of these changes was shared by the two sensitizing treatments. Instead, accumulation of FosB/DeltaFosB immunoreactivity in the ventro-medial caudate was common to both pre-treatments. These results support the hypothesis that a common neuroadaptive process involving DeltaFosB accumulation in the ventro-medial caudate underlies the induction but not the expression of behavioral sensitization by different conditions
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
