196,753 research outputs found
Nitric oxide: an inhibitor of NF-κB/Rel system in glial cells
No full textNitric oxide (NO) has been reported to regulate
NF-kB, one of the best-characterized transcription factors playing
important roles in many cellular responses to a large variety
of stimuli. NO has been suggested to induce or inhibit the
activation of NF-kB, its effect depending, among others, on the
cell type considered. In this review, the inhibitory effect of NO
on NF-kB (and subsequent suppression of NF-kB-dependent
gene expression) in glial cells is reported. In particular, exogenous
and endogenous NO has been observed to keep NF-kB
suppressed, thus preventing the expression of NF-kB-induced
genes, such as inducible NO synthase itself or HIV-1 long terminal
repeat. Furthermore, the possible molecular mechanisms
of NO-mediated NF-kB inhibition are discussed. More specifically,
NO has been reported to suppress NF-kB activation inducing
and stabilizing the NF-kB inhibitor, IkB-a. On the other
hand, NO may inhibit NF-kB DNA binding through S-nitrosylation
of cysteine residue (i.e., Cys62) of the p50 subunit. As a
whole, a novel concept that the balance of intracellular NO
levels may control the induction of NF-kB in glial cells has been
hypothesized
Update Available: Comprehensive Tools For Comparative Anatomy Ver. 2.0.
No full text"UPDATE AVAILABLE: COMPREHENSIVE TOOLS FORCOMPARATIVE ANATOMY VER.2.0" F. Spani1, M. Carosi1, M. Scalici1, M.P. Morigi2,3,4, M. Bettuzzi2,3,4, M. Colasanti11 Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome;2Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna,Bologna; 3Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche“Enrico Fermi”, Rome; 4Istituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareRome, ItalyE-mail: [email protected] Treatises on comparative anatomy1,2are the evidence of howinvestigating anatomical structures have been crucial to betterknow living organisms and their interplay with the surroundingenvironment which could induce significant morphological varia-tion. Traditional anatomical dissections for exploring internalmorphology were not suitable to maintain integrity of samples.In the last few years, bio-imaging techniques paired with geomet-ric morphometrics (GM), and applied to comparative anatomystudies, overcame these limits becoming at the same time widelynon-invasive and highly descriptive. In fact, they preserved sam-ples in their whole integrity, unfolding new descriptors of formvariation previously unknown. The application field of these tech-niques ranged from 2- to 3-dimensional GM studies, coveringboth invertebrates and vertebrates. Radiological instrumentsbelonging to the family of Computed Tomography (CT) scannersdefinitively allowed to advance in the knowledge of either knownor neglected biological structures. Our implementations coveredseveral animal orders (e.g. Decapoda, Ephemeroptera Mytiloida,Macroscelidea, Primates). Here we focused on the feasibility ofthe cone-beam CT for 3D surface scanning of the mussel Mytilusgalloprovincialis(Lamarck, 1819) valves,3,4and the potential ofmicro-CT scanner in detecting and 3D characterizing virtual vol-umes of genital bones in primates (i.e., baculumin males andbaubellumin females).5These innovative practices help toengage and deepen the meaning of shape in animal biology, fromboth structural and evolutionary views. They allow to describethe relation between phylogeny and morphogenesis, identifyingall possible links between structure, function and fitness, andmechanical and ontogenetic modifications due to environmentalpressures, including anthropogenic alterations.1. Grandidier A. Histoire Physique, Naturelle et Politique de Madagascar1875, 6: 272-278.2. Hill PWC. Primates-Comparative Anatomy and Taxonomy 1953-1974,vols. 1-7.3. Scalici M et al. Ecotoxicology 2017, 26: 396-404.4. Scalici M et al. Aquat Living Resour 2016, 29: 207.5. Spani F et al. Folia Primatol 2017, 88: 200
Different in vitro response to rIL-1β of newborn and adult rat astroglia
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International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience
Volume 9, Issue 5, 1991, Pages 501-507
Different in vitro response to rIL-1β of newborn and adult rat astroglia (Article)
Colasanti, M.a,
Ramacci, M.T.b,
Foresta, P.c,
Lauro, G.M.a
a Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università La Sapienza, Via degli Apuli, 1-00185 Roma, Italy
b Istituto per la Ricerca sulla Senescenza. SIGMA-TAU, Pomezia, Italy
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Abstract
In recent literature, lymphokines have been reported to be able to promote both proliferation and maturation of some glial populations. In this paper, we compare the effect of rIL-1 on newborn and adult rat astroglial cells in vitro. In newborn, but not in adult astrocytes, 100 U/ml of rIL-1β increase [3H]thymidine incorporation with a maximal response by 3 days as compared to the control untreated culture. In contrast, rIL-1β induces an increase of GFAP immunoreactivity both in newborn and in adult astrocytes, as compared to the control untreated cells. These data indicate that, while both newborn and adult astroglial cells are capable of responding to rIL-1β, only newborn astrocytes can respond to this lymphokine with proliferation. Thus, it appears likely that different factors, other than rIL-1β, are needed by adult astrocytes to proliferate
Ana Z y la literatura de fantasía en la infancia: un acto de descubrimiento
No full textLa presente reflexión se centra en el escenario de lo fantástico que caracteriza a la literatura infantil y que claramente se presenta en el libro titulado Ana Z, ¿dónde vas?, de la escritora ítalo-brasileña Marina Colasanti. Es la lectura literaria un acto de desocultamiento de los misterios de la vida a los cuales los niños y niñas se ven en la necesidad de explorar. Así, el texto en mención responde fundamentalmente al siguiente interrogante: ¿de qué manera la obra Ana Z, ¿dónde vas? de Marina Colasanti permite descubrir otros mundos que trascienden la cotidianidad y las vivencias de la infancia
Evaluating participation and entrepreneurship in the cultural and creative sector: experiences from Italy
No full textHigher education and stakeholders’ donations: the first civic crowdfunding project in an Italian university
No full text- …
