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Apparato gastrointestinale del tasso (Meles meles meles): rilievi macro-anatomici e strutturali
No full textFirst report of fatal Physaloptera sibirica infection in Eulemur macaco macaco in a Italian zoological park
No full textBackground. Adults of the nematode genus Physaloptera Rudolphi, 1819 occur in a wide range of insectivorous or omnivorous mammals and birds throughout the world (Soulsby, 1982; Norman and Beveridge, 1999; Anderson, 2000). At least four species of Physalopera were found in oesophagus, stomach and small intestine of the primate species in Asia, South-East Europe, Africa and South America (Hayama and Nigi, 1963; Yamashita, 1963; Soulsby, 1982). Life-cycle involves insects as intermediate hosts and reptiles as paratenic hosts (Anderson, 2000). Black lemurs are limited to Madagascar and, in captivity, they are popular in zoos worldwide, as in the Garda Zoological Park (Verona) where is present the largest lemur captivity population of Italy. The presence of Physaloptera sp. has been already diagnosed in captivity lemurs (Junge, 1997), even if in literature there is no evidence to support which species and the pathogenic role of the parasite in this species. The present study describes a fatal Physaloptera sibirica infection in Eulemur macaco macaco hosted at Parco Natura Viva-Garda Zoological Park of Bussolengo (VR, Italy).
Methods. All specimens of Physaloptera were collected during the necroscopy of a dead animal (10 years old female, having 3150g weight) and they were fixed in 4% buffered formaldehyde solution and cleared in Hoyer’s solution (Sloss et al., 2004) or in glycerin. Adult parasites were identified in according to the morphological descriptions of Nevue-Lemaire (1936) and Quentin and Biocca (1976).
Results. Initially during an explorative laparotomy and then necroscopy (the lesion seriousness determined the euthanasia of the animal), in the stomach lumen several adult parasites were found firmly attached to the gastric mucosa. The adult nematodes measuring 1.6-3.5cm in length and the morphological details indicate that they belong to genus Physaloptera (order Spirurida, family Physalopteridae). The nematode have a cuticular collarette around the head, mouth present two pseudolabia provided with a characteristic dental and papillae pattern. The male tail bears wide lateral alae: three precloacal sessile papillae are arranged in a triangular row and four sessile papillae are arranged around the cloaca (postcloacal papillae); there are four pairs of pedunculated papillae in cloacal region; the first pair of sessile postroventral papillae are half-way through the cloaca and the queue and one pairs of phasmids are situated at the middle between the second and third pairs of sessile posteroventral papillae. Spicules are unequal in length: 643μm for the left and 500μm for right.
Conclusions. P. tumefasciens, P. dilatata, P. caucasica and P. poicilometra have been recorded in simian primates (Yamaguti, 1961). However we can exclude a primate species by mean of Beaver et al. (1984) and Nevue-Lemaire (1936). In fact, on the basis of our morphological survey of the specimen, that correspond to the description of Quentin and Biocca (1976), the species seem to be Physaloptera sibirica. This infection report appears relevant because, for the first time, it describes a severe anatomopathological findings (suppurative metastatic inflammation as a consequence of gastric perforation) ascribable to Physaloptera sibirica in black lemur with fatal outcome. Furthermore, our anatomopathological and parasitological findings suggest that in captivity (in the Park other lemurs were infected) it is necessary to carry out an intensive sanitary control with a regular faecal examinations despite the partial efficacy of this method due to intermittent eggs output of this parasite
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Internal organs morphometry of the wild boar population (Sus scrofa) in Trevigian Prealps
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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