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Produzione, composizione chimica e valore nutritivo di festuca rossa e paleo delle alpi in ambiente montano
No full textChemical composition and net energy content of alpine pasture species during the grazing season
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate changes over time in chemical composition, digestibility
and net energy for lactation (NEl) contents of 12 species of alpine pastures during the vegetative
season (i.e., Agrostis tenuis, Anthoxanthum alpinum, Carex sempervirens, Festuca rubra, Nardus
stricta, Phleum alpinum, Poa alpina, Poa violacea, Alchemilla vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Poten-
tilla aurea, Trifolium repens). Wild seeds were collected from plants spontaneously occurring in
mountain pastures in North-East Italy and sown in a greenhouse. Plants were transplanted in open
main field plots. Each main plot was divided into sub-plots, which were cut (first cut) in succession
every 10 days in two consecutive years. Herbage regrowth (second cut) was evaluated at 45, 60 and
75 days after first cut. Herbage samples were analysed for chemical composition, for in vitro organic
matter digestibility (OMD), and the NEl content was estimated. During the pasture utilisation period
(i.e., thermic sum between 500 and 1200
◦
C) the species had limited variation in their average CP con-
tents (81–109 g/kg DM) excluding the lowest values of F. rubra and P. violacea (74 and 71 g/kg DM,
respectively; P<0.05) and the highest value of T. repens (202 g/kg DM; P<0.05). Within grasses,
there were very fibrous species (>700 g NDF/kg DM, such as F. rubra, N. stricta and P. violacea)
and species with medium contents (573–664 g NDF/kg DM), while forbs and the legume specie had
a low content ( ≤ 403 g NDF/kg DM). The OMD ranged from P. violacea (256 g/kg DM; P<0.05) to T.
repens (730 g/kg DM; P<0.05). The highest NEl content was for T. repens (6.3 MJ/kg DM; P<0.05
Plant species composition, species richness and functional traits in alpine pastures: effects of local and climatic factors
No full textErratum to: Chemical composition and net energy content of alpine pasture species during the grazing season
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate changes over time in chemical composition, digestibility and net energy for lactation (NEl) contents of 12 species of alpine pastures during the vegetative season (i.e., Agrostis tenuis, Anthoxanthum alpinum, Carex sempervirens, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Phleum alpinum, Poa alpina, Poa violacea, Alchemilla vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Potentilla aurea, Trifolium repens). Wild seeds were collected from plants spontaneously occurring in mountain pastures in North-East Italy and sown in a greenhouse. Plants were transplanted in open main field plots. Each main plot was divided into sub-plots, which were cut (first cut) in succession every 10 days in two consecutive years. Herbage regrowth (second cut) was evaluated at 45, 60 and 75 days after first cut. Herbage samples were analysed for chemical composition, for in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD), and the NEl content was estimated. During the pasture utilisation period (i.e., thermic sum between 500 and 1200 °C) the species had limited variation in their average CP contents (81-109 g/kg DM) excluding the lowest values of F. rubra and P. violacea (74 and 71 g/kg DM, respectively; P700 g NDF/kg DM, such as F. rubra, N. stricta and P. violacea) and species with medium contents (573-664 g NDF/kg DM), while forbs and the legume specie had a low content (≤403 g NDF/kg DM). The OMD ranged from P. violacea (256 g/kg DM; P<0.05) to T. repens (730 g/kg DM; P<0.05). The highest NEl content was for T. repens (6.3 MJ/kg DM; P<0.05), while low NEl values were calculated for N. stricta and C. sempervirens (2.9 and 2.5 MJ/kg DM, respectively). The lowest (P<0.05) NEl content was estimated for P. violacea (1.9 MJ/kg DM). Most species investigated (in particular, Agrostis tenuis, F. rubra, L. hispidus, Potentilla aurea), had an initial intense decrease in the CP content with advancing season, reaching minimum levels at the thermic sum of 800-1000 °C. During season advancement, all species had increased NDF content, with marked increments for F. rubra and Poa species, and all species had decreased NEl contents. Regrowth samples collected at 75 days after first cut had lower CP and NEl contents relative to those collected after 45 days from the first cut (140 g/kg versus 160 g/kg DM and 4.4 MJ/kg versus 4.8 MJ/kg DM, respectively; P<0.05). This study provides nutritional information on individual herbage species of alpine pastures at different vegetative phases which can be used to obtain average nutritional values of use in pasture management work. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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