1,720,976 research outputs found
SERPINB3 inibisce il poro di transizione della permeabilità mitocondriale attraverso la regolazione della produzione di ROS mitocondriali e incrementa la resistenza ai trattamenti chemioterapici
Full text linkResistance to chemotherapeutic agents is well known in patients with hepatocarcinoma. Inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) is a crucial step in tumor cell resistance to apoptosis induced by anticancer drugs. Since SERPINB3 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and has an anti-apoptotic activity, aim of the study was to assess the role of this serpin on PTP modulation during treatment with chemotherapeutic agents.
HepG2 cells stably transfected with SERPINB3 where assayed for cell death induced by Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, Etoposide and 5-Fluorine Uracil. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) were detected with dichlorofluorescein. Threshold of PTP opening was evaluated by CRC assay and Complex I activity was determined by spectrophotometric assay.
After cell death induction by Cisplatin and Doxorubicin, HepG2 cells expressing SERPINB3 showed a significant increase in viability compared to controls, while there was no difference in cell death after Etoposide and 5-FU treatments. The addition of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine abrogated cell death induction by Cisplatin and Doxorubicin, suggesting that SERPINB3 protects from death through an antioxidant activity. Since Cisplatin and Doxorubicin induce mitochondrial oxidative stress and favor PTP opening, cells were treated with the PTP inducer EM20-25 that acts at mitochondrial level. In presence of SERPINB3 the effect of EM20-25 resulted in PTP opening inhibition and decreased ROS formation. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that a fraction of SERPINB3 was located in mitochondria and that it increased after death-promoting treatments. Mitochondrial SERPINB3 was found associated to respiratory chain Complex I by immunoprecipitation experiments. In vitro analysis confirmed the inhibition by SERPINB3 of Complex I activity, known as one of the main sources of mitochondrial ROS.
In conclusion, SERPINB3 acts at mitochondrial level protecting cells from chemotherapeutic-induced oxidative stress and consequent cell death. This antioxidant function could represent a relevant advantage for a transformed cell to balance its ROS equilibrium and for SB3-expressing cells exposed to anticancer treatments
Analysis of the Effects of Hexokinase 2 Detachment From Mitochondria-Associated Membranes with the Highly Selective Peptide HK2pep
Full text linkThe crucial role of hexokinase 2 (HK2) in the metabolic rewiring of tumors is now well established, which makes it a suitable target for the design of novel therapies. However, hexokinase activity is central to glucose utilization in all tissues; thus, enzymatic inhibition of HK2 can induce severe adverse effects. In an effort to find a selective anti-neoplastic strategy, we exploited an alternative approach based on HK2 detachment from its location on the outer mitochondrial membrane. We designed a HK2-targeting peptide named HK2pep, corresponding to the N-terminal hydrophobic domain of HK2 and armed with a metalloprotease cleavage sequence and a polycation stretch shielded by a polyanion sequence. In the tumor microenvironment, metalloproteases unleash polycations to allow selective plasma membrane permeation in neoplastic cells. HK2pep delivery induces the detachment of HK2 from mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload caused by the opening of inositol-3-phosphate receptors on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Ca2+ entry through the plasma membrane leading to Ca2+-mediated calpain activation and mitochondrial depolarization. As a result, HK2pep rapidly elicits death of diverse tumor cell types and dramatically reduces in vivo tumor mass. HK2pep does not affect hexokinase enzymatic activity, avoiding any noxious effect on non-transformed cells. Here, we make available a detailed protocol for the use of HK2pep and to investigate its biological effects, providing a comprehensive panel of assays to quantitate both HK2 enzymatic activity and changes in mitochondrial functions, Ca2+ flux, and cell viability elicited by HK2pep treatment of tumor cells. Graphical abstract: Flowchart for the analysis of the effects of HK2 detachment from MAMs
Gold(III)-pyrrolidinedithiocarbamato Derivatives as Antineoplastic Agents
Full text linkTransition metals offer many possibilities in developing potent
chemotherapeutic agents. They are endowed with a variety of
oxidation states, allowing for the selection of their coordination
numbers and geometries via the choice of proper ligands,
leading to the tuning of their final biological properties. We
report here on the synthesis, physico-chemical characterization,
and solution behavior of two gold(III) pyrrolidinedithiocarbamates
(PDT), namely [AuIIIBr2(PDT)] and [AuIIICl2(PDT)]. We
found that the bromide derivative was more effective than the
chloride one in inducing cell death for several cancer cell lines.
[AuIIIBr2(PDT)] elicited oxidative stress with effects on the permeability
transition pore, a mitochondrial channel whose
opening leads to cell death. More efficient antineoplastic strategies
are required for the widespread burden that is cancer. In
line with this, our results indicate that [AuIIIBr2(PDT)] is a promising
antineoplastic agent that targets cellular components with
crucial functions for the survival of tumor cells
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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