223,339 research outputs found
I Castelli Romani come sede di grandi eventi sportivi: territori ed eredità post evento.
No full textOmental adipose tissue fibrosis and insulin resistance in severe obesity
No full textBackground/Objectives:The unresolved chronic inflammation of white adipose tissue (WAT) in obesity leads to interstitial deposition of fibrogenic proteins as reparative process. The contribution of omental adipose tissue (oWAT) fibrosis to obesity-related complications remains controversial. The aim of our study was to investigate whether oWAT fibrosis may be related to insulin resistance in severely obese population.Subjects/Methods:Forty obese subjects were studied by glucose clamp before undergoing bariatric surgery and thus stratified according to insulin resistance severity (M-value). From the first (Group B: n=13; M=1.9±0.7 mg kg-1min-1) and the highest (Group A: n=14; M=4.5±1.4 mg kg-1min-1) M-value tertiles, which were age-, waist- and body mass index-matched, oWAT samples were then obtained.Gene expression of collagen type I, III and VI, interleukin-6, profibrotic mediators (transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, activin A, connective tissue growth factor), hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and macrophage (CD68, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, CD86, CD206, CD150) markers were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Adipocyte size and total fibrosis were assessed by histomorphometry techniques.Results:Fibrosis at morphological level resulted significantly greater in Group B compared with Group A, although collagens gene expression did not differ. Notably, collagen VI messenger RNA significantly correlated with collagen I, collagen III, HIF-1α, TGF-β1, CD68, MCP-1 and CD86 transcription levels, supporting their relation with fibrosis development.Conclusions:In conclusion, we show for the first time that human oWAT fibrosis in severe obesity is consistent with a higher degree of insulin resistance measured by glucose clamp. Therefore, collagen deposition could represent a maladaptive mechanism contributing to obesity-related metabolic complications
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism induces browning of white adipose tissue through impairment of autophagy and prevents adipocyte dysfunction in high-fat-diet-fed mice
No full textThe mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) controls adipocyte function, but its role in the conversion of white adipose tissue (WAT) into thermogenic fat has not been elucidated. We investigated responses to the MR antagonists spironolactone (spiro; 20 mg/kg/d) and drospirenone (DRSP; 6 mg/kg/d) in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet for 90 d. DRSP and spiro curbed HF diet-induced impairment in glucose tolerance, and prevented body weight gain and white fat expansion. Notably, either MR antagonist induced up-regulation of brown adipocyte-specific transcripts and markedly increased protein levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in visceral and inguinal fat depots when compared with the HF diet group. Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed acquisition of brown fat features in WAT. Interestingly, MR antagonists markedly reduced the autophagic rate both in murine preadipocytes in vitro (10-5 M) and in WAT depots in vivo, with a concomitant increase in UCP1 protein expression. Moreover, the autophagy repressor bafilomycin A1 (10-8 M) mimicked the effect of MR antagonists, increasing UCP1 protein expression in primary preadipocytes. Hence, we showed that adipocyte MR regulates brown remodeling of WAT through a modulation of autophagy. These results provide a rationale for the use of MR antagonists to prevent the adverse metabolic consequences of adipocyte dysfunction. © FASEB
Geografia dello sport, turismo e territorio. Il caso dei Castelli Romani
No full textIl volume esamina il rapporto tra sport, geografia e sviluppo locale, con particolare attenzione ai FEI World Championships 2022 tenutisi ai Pratoni del Vivaro, nel territorio dei Castelli Romani. L’analisi mette in luce come l’evento sportivo possa divenire fattore di territorializzazione e di costruzione identitaria, evidenziando il legame tra la pratica sportiva e i processi di valorizzazione del territorio. Attraverso un approccio geografico e multidisciplinare, vengono indagate le dimensioni culturali, economiche
e ambientali connesse agli eventi sportivi e il loro ruolo nei processi di percezione e sviluppo locale. Il caso dei Castelli Romani evidenzia come la pratica sportiva,
integrata in strategie di pianificazione e valorizzazione, possa contribuire alla coesione territoriale e al rafforzamento dell’identità local
Relazione tra contenuti di aflatossine della granella di mais e dei mangimi che la contengono.
No full textFto-deficiency affects the gene and MicroRNA expression involved in brown adipogenesis and browning of white adipose tissue in mice
No full textGenetic variants in the fat mass- and obesity-associated gene Fto are linked to the onset of obesity in humans. The causal role of the FTO protein in obesity is supported by evidence obtained from transgenic mice; however, the underlying molecular pathways pertaining to the role of FTO in obesity have yet to be established. In this study, we investigate the Fto gene in mouse brown adipose tissue and in the browning process of white adipose tissue. We analyze distinct structural and molecular factors in brown and white fat depots of Fto-deficient mice under normal and obesogenic conditions. We report significant alterations in the morphology of adipose tissue depots and the expression of mRNA and microRNA related to brown adipogenesis and metabolism in Fto-deficient mice. Furthermore, we show that high-fat feeding does not attenuate the browning process of Fto-deficient white adipose tissue as observed in wild-type tissue, suggesting a triggering effect of the FTO pathways by the dietary environment
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