1,721,019 research outputs found
The taxonomic position of Cyanidium, Cyanidioschyzon and Galdieria: an update.
No full textThe ecophysiological, cytomorphological, biochemical and molecular data presently available for the acidophilic red algal species Cyanidium caldarium, Cyanidioschyzon merolae and Galdieria sulphuraria are summarised. The taxonomic position of the three genera is discussed and emendements to the generic diagnosis are presented
Cyanidium from caves: A reinstatement of Cyanidium chilense Schwabe (Cyanidiophytina, Rhodophyta)
No full textThe nomenclatural history of the genus Cyanidium (Tilden) Geitler is long and complex, due to uncertainties regarding its taxonomic position. In the course of the last two centuries, Cyanidium has been assigned to Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, and finally to Rhodophyta (Ott & Sechback 1994, Albertano et al. 2000). On the basis of morphological, ultrastructural and reproductive characters, Merola et al. (1981) instituted two new genera, Galdieria and Cyanidioschyzon, strictly related to Cyanidium, and assigned all three genera to the new class Cyanidiophyceae. Later, in the treatment proposed by Ott & Sechback (1994), all species belonging to Galdieria or Cyanidioschyzon were transferred to Cyanidium. In the most recent taxonomic proposal by Yoon et al. (2014), the tripartite generic architecture has been confirmed, even though a different taxonomic hierarchy was applied at the higher ranks
species composition of Cyanidiales assemblages in Pisciarelli (Campi Flegrei, Italy) and description of Galdieria phlegrea sp.nov.
No full textDNA integrity of onion root cells under catechol influence
No full textCatechol is a highly toxic organic pollutant, usually abundant in the waste effluents of industrial processes and agricultural activities. The environmental sources of catechol include pesticides, wood preservatives, tanning lotion, cosmetic creams, dyes, and synthetic intermediates. Genotoxicity of catechol at a concentration range 5 × 10-1-5 mM was evaluated by applying random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and time-lapse DNA laddering tests using onion (Allium cepa) root cells as the assay system. RAPD analysis revealed polymorphisms in the nucleotidic sequence of DNA that reflected the genotoxic potential of catechol to provoke point mutations, or deletions, or chromosomal rearrangements. Time-lapse DNA laddering test provided evidence that catechol provoked DNA necrosis and apoptosis. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining could distinguish apoptotic from necrotic cells in root cells of A. cepa. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
Hidden biodiversity of the extremophilic Cyanidiales red algae
No full textThe Cyanidiales is a group of asexual, unicellular red algae, which thrive in acidic and high temperature conditions around hot springs. These unicellular taxa have a relatively simple morphology and are currently classified into three genera, Cyanidium, Cyanidioschyzon and Galdieria. Little is known, however, about the biodiversity of Cyanidiales, their population structure and their phylogenetic relationships. Here we used a taxonomically broadly sampled three-gene data set of plastid sequences to infer a robust phylogenetic framework for the Cyanidiales. The phylogenetic analyses support the existence of at least four distinct Cyanidiales lineage: the Galdieria spp. lineage (excluding Galdieria maxima), the Cyanidium caldarium lineage, a novel monophyletic lineage of mesophilic Cyanidium spp. and the Cyanidioschyzon merolae plus Galdieria maxima lineage. Our analyses do not support the notion of a mesophilic ancestry of the Cyanidiales and suggest that these algae were ancestrally thermo-acidotolerant. We also used environmental polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the rbcL gene to sample Cyanidiales biodiversity at five ecologically distinct sites at Pisciarelli in the Phlegrean Fields in Italy. This analysis showed a high level of sequence divergence among Cyanidiales species and the partitioning of taxa based on environmental conditions. Our research revealed an unexpected level of genetic diversity among Cyanidiales that revises current thinking about the phylogeny and biodiversity of this group. We predict that future environmental PCR studies will significantly augment known biodiversity that we have discovered and demonstrate the Cyanidiales to be a species-rich branch of red algal evolution
Constructed Wetlands for the Wastewater Treatment: A Review of Italian Case Studies
No full textWastewater is one of the major sources of pollution in aquatic environments and its treatment is crucial to reduce risk and increase clean water availability. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are one of the most efficient, environmentally friendly, and less costly techniques for this purpose. This review aims to assess the state of the art on the use of CWs in removing environmental pollutants from wastewater in Italy in order to improve the current situation and provide background for future research and development work. To evaluate the CWs performances, 76 research works (2001-2023) were examined, and the parameters considered were the type of wastewater treated, pollutants removed, macrophytes, and the kinds of CWs utilized. The pollutant removal efficiencies of all CWs reviewed showed remarkable potential, even though there are biotic and abiotic factor-driven performance variations among them. The number of articles published showed an increasing trend over time, indicating the research progress of the application of CWs in wastewater treatment. This review highlighted that most of the investigated case studies referred to pilot CWs. This finding suggests that much more large-scale experiments should be conducted in the future to confirm the potential of CWs in eliminating pollutants from wastewater
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