1,721,073 research outputs found

    The Gender Wage Gap among Ph.D. Holders: Evidence from Italy

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    This paper contributes to the literature on the gender wage gap by empirically analyzing those workers who hold the highest possible educational qualification, i.e., a Ph.D. The analysis relies on recent Italian cross-sectional data collected through a survey on the employment conditions of Ph.D. holders. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis and quantile decomposition analysis are carried out, and the selection of Ph.D. holders into employment and STEM/non-STEM fields of specialization is taken into account. Findings suggest that a gender gap in hourly wages exists among Ph.D. holders, with sizeable differences by sector of employment and field of specialization

    Corruption and tax revenues: evidence from Italian regions

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    This paper investigates the impact of corruption on tax revenues. Drawing on Italian regional data that distinguish between corruption crimes in which public officers play an active role (active corruption) and crimes in which there is collusion between the public officers and their private counterparts (passive corruption), the paper shows that only active corruption harms tax revenues. We argue that active corruption alters the incentives for honest taxpayers, leading to inefficiencies and a greater distance between citizens and public authorities, because it generates uncooperative public administration and reduces the perceived fairness of public systems. The estimates confirm the hypothesis and the results call for greater attention to be paid to the quality of public administration

    Willingness to pay for environmental protection and the importance of pollutant industries in the regional economy. Evidence from Italy

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    This work analyses whether the incidence and production of polluting industries influences the individual willingness to pay (WTP) for the environment. Cross-country studies on the determinants of environmental WTP do not capture the fact that individual perceptions of environmental protection may be due to specific regional conditions. Therefore, this paper adopts a conceptual framework where both pollution and environmental protection are costly, and individuals face a choice between pollution or environmental protection. It is argued that the individual perception of such costs depends on regional settings, making individuals that live in less polluted areas prefer environmental protection. This hypothesis is empirically tested by performing an empirical analysis on the individual WTP for environmental protection in the Italian regions (NUTS-2 level) from the European Values Study. The results show that increases of production in polluting industries exert an effect on WTP for environmental protection and that this effect is mediated by the regional incidence of polluting industries: in “healthy” regions, an increase of production in the polluting sector increases the environmental WTP, while it has an opposite effect in regions where the incidence of the polluting sector is already high
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