1,720,987 research outputs found
Love, bonding, value: discussing the economics of love
No full textBringing together the arguments developed in the economic literature on
love, we claim in the present note that love is good for the internal efficiency
of a couple, because it creates an environment in which the partners feel secure
enough to invest their material and emotional resources. However, several
factors hamper the efficient maintenance of love and, perversely, love itself
may constitute a danger to the stability of a marriage due to its «publicness
» in the economic sense of the word. The intent in making such a chain
of arguments is two-fold. First, we hope to demonstrate that economics can
improve the understanding of the emotions – love in this case – by bringing
unique insights into the matter. Second, we aim to show how dealing with
such a subject as love economists might learn to amend and ameliorate their
methodological stance
A method to determine soil DNA and RNA.
No full textA method for determining soil RNA and DNA concentrations after their extraction from soil is described. The determination was carried out with colorimetric methods specific for the sugar moiety of the nucleic acids. Various extraction procedures were tested when nucleic acids were added to soil either as pure reagents or as internal standards. A procedure involving three extraction steps gave the highest yields.
Soil samples were extracted twice with 0.5 N HC104, neutralized with 2 n NaOH and the extraction continued after the addition of 0.1 m Na4P2O4 at pH 7.2. In the third step the soil sediment was extracted with 0.1 m Na4P2O7 at pH 7.2. Low molecular weight ribose and deoxyribose-containing compounds were separated from the nucleic acids on the basis of their solubility characteristics in the acid medium of the supernatant obtained after the first extraction step.
Approximate recoveries of organic P in the nucleic acids were found to range from 3.2 to 6.5% of the total soil organic P. Nucleic acid-N ranged from 2.0 to 4.0% of the total N. The organic C content of the soils used was lower than 2% but when soils richer in organic matter are used, extracted humic molecules are likely to interfere during the colorimetric determination
Social norms, cognitive dissonance and the timing of marriage
Full text linkWe present a model of courtship in which the timing of marriage is affected by the cognitive dissonance between perceived norms and personal aims. We argue that as long as the family has been the main provider of social protection, marriage has been favoured by strongly felt social norms, and thus people accepted less-than-ideal partners early on in their search in order to minimize the dissonance caused by the non-adherence to the custom. Once the Welfare state has replaced the family, these norms have lost their strength, so that agents can afford the luxury of searching their preferred partners at length without feeling at odds with their social duties. The model yields predictions in line with relevant stylised facts: the raising age of marriage, the prevalence of assortative mating and the common occurrence of divorce in the early years of marriage. We finally discuss the impact of late marriages on fertility, and argue that there need not be negative consequences if the declining role of the family becomes socially accepted, and alternative arrangements are made possible and indeed encouraged by means of an appropriate family policy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effect of various treatments on contents of adenine nucleotides and rna of mediterranean soils
No full textChanges in adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP and AMP) were investigated in soils subjected to various treatments and compared with bacterial and fungal counts. An organic and a clay soil stored for 3 yr at room temperature showed low ATP concentrations (0.36 and 0.26 nmol g−1, respectively) which markedly increased after moistening both soils; this indicates that the prolonged storage did not eliminate the capacity of ATP synthesis by these soils; in the organic soil bacteria and fungi were unaffected by moistening while only bacterial counts were increased in the clay soil. By moistening soil with NaN3 solution the ATP increase was annulled in the organic soil and only reduced in the clay soil.
Air-drying a sandy clay-loam soil resulted in a 40% drop in ATP while microbial counts were unaffected; rewetting the air-dried soil to 50% of the water holding capacity (WHC) did not increase ATP. Decrease in the ATP content was more marked when moistened or rewetted soils rather than fresh or airdried soils were fumigated; the fumigation of soils moistened with the NaN3 solution generally decreased the ATP concentration.
Sodium azide generally decreased recoveries of ATP, ADP and AMP especially in the organic soil; the effect of the inhibitor on enzymatic conversion of AMP to ADP and of ADP to ATP was also investigated in the soil extracts.
Adenylate energy charge (AEC) values of moist field samples were 0.65, 0.70 and 0.80 for clay, sandy-clay loam and organic soils, respectively. Air-drying moist soils caused a marked drop in ATP and RNA and an increase in ADP, AMP and total adenine nucleotides.
The AEC value of CHC13 fumigated fresh moist soil were very low ranging from 0.06 to 0.1 thus indicating a large prevalance of dead cells even if the bacterial numbers by plate count were moderately affected
Effect of various treatments on content of adenine nucleotides and RNA of mediterranean soils
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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