1,720,968 research outputs found
Roles of Heterogeneous Habitat for Conservation of Nymphalidae in Sarawak (East Malaysia)
Get PDFSpecies diversity characterises an area or a
targeted habitat and provides information on the species
assemblages, which is a primary reflection of habitat
diversity. It incorporates both species richness and
abundance and may rely on factors, such as host-plant
availability and food resources. Kubah National Park is a
lowland mixed dipterocarp forest, and uniquely offers
various vegetation types, which includes heath and
submontane forests. In the present study, four contrasting
forest habitats were selected along forest trails, namely,
primary forests, secondary forests, heath forests and forest
edges. Forty baited traps were used within a six-months of
sampling period. The highest abundance was recorded at
the heath forest while the least was at the secondary forest.
However, there was no significant difference in terms of
species abundance between forest habitats for subfamilies,
as well as for the 15 most abundant nymphalid species
sampled, except for Mycalesis mnasicles. This satyrine was
regarded as being able to differentiate habitat, apart from
sensitive to canopy openings. Secondary forest provides a
heterogeneous habitat for nymphalids, and thus highest
diversity was observed here. This study implies that
habitat association of the family is crucial, as it will
provide information for both species inventory as well as
the fluctuation patterns of the nymphalids diversity.
Similar study is suggested to be carried out in the future,
which incorporates more than one habitat types and in a
more extensive period
Temporal Diversity of the Nymphalids in Kubah National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia
Get PDFUnique microhabitats caused temporal-space separation which also indicates that animals are constrained in their flexibility to adapt to the environment. Arthropods was recorded to be temporally patchy within seasons, and in the tropical region, rainfall fluctuations are somewhat varied although only in a considerable range. These minute variations are still however observed to provide unique microhabitats to the insects and thus knowledge on the effects of the rainfall is still much required. To determine any distribution patterns of the nymphalid butterflies, bait-trapping was conducted from May to November 2009 in Kubah National Park, Sarawak. Even though there was a linear relationship between the total rainfall and numbers of nymphalids, there was no significant correlation between the nymphalids and rainfall distribution (p-value > 0.05). Rainfall in the preceded month could increase the overall nymphalids abundance which coincides with the leaf-flushing peak, suitably for the larval stages. In contrast, heavy rainfall during the data collection could also lead to larval mortality. Rainfall parameter and possibly many more environmental variables are important, as the distribution pattern of the nymphalids are strongly related to the environment
Species Diversity of Fruit-feeding Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Adis Buan, Bau, Sarawak
Get PDFSpecies diversity of nymphalid butterflies is one of the most studied topics as the nymphalids are easily sampled andidentified. Ten days of field sampling; five continuous days in two sampling periods, were conducted in Adis Buan, Bau. By using 20 baited traps and two aerial nets, 186 individuals representing 36 species of nymphalid butterfly were recorded. The most diverse subfamily was Satyrinae (H’: 2.399) and the most abundant species was Mycalesis anapita fucentia with a total of 48 individuals. Satyrinae was also recorded with the highest species richness between subfamilies comprising 24 species of total butterfly sampled which could probably due to their unique characteristic as the slow flying butterfly and being attracted to the shady areas. Shannon diversity index revealed that the diversityindex of nymphalid butterfly collected in November 2018 was significantly higher than that in January 2019. In this study, documentation on nymphalid butterfly in heath forest was conducted but further documentation would be recommended as there is still lack of previous studies especially in heath forest
Species Diversity of Fruit-feeding Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Adis Buan, Bau, Sarawak
Get PDFSpecies diversity of nymphalid butterflies is one of the most studied topics as the nymphalids are easily sampled and
identified. Ten days of field sampling; five continuous days in two sampling periods, were conducted in Adis Buan,
Bau. By using 20 baited traps and two aerial nets, 186 individuals representing 36 species of nymphalid butterfly were
recorded. The most diverse subfamily was Satyrinae (H’: 2.399) and the most abundant species was Mycalesis anapita
fucentia with a total of 48 individuals. Satyrinae was also recorded with the highest species richness between
subfamilies comprising 24 species of total butterfly sampled which could probably due to their unique characteristic
as the slow flying butterfly and being attracted to the shady areas. Shannon diversity index revealed that the diversity
index of nymphalid butterfly collected in November 2018 was significantly higher than that in January 2019. In this
study, documentation on nymphalid butterfly in heath forest was conducted but further documentation would be
recommended as there is still lack of previous studies especially in heath forest
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
EFFECTS OF VERTICAL GRADIENT ON THE DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF NYMPHALIDAE IN A BORNEAN RAINFOREST
Get PDFThe forest canopy is known to harbour high insect diversity, yet descriptive studies that
simultaneously measure species richness on both ground and canopy strata are not common.
The Nymphalidae are abundant in the canopy and their distribution across the vertical
dimension contributes to tropical diversity. A comprehensive study of the vertical distribution
of nymphalids in four forest habitats in the Kubah lowland mixed-dipterocarp forest: primary,
secondary, heath forest and forest edge were conducted. Forty baited traps were installed at
both ground and canopy levels and sampled over a six-month period. The preference of the
nymphalids for the lower stratum was significant for abundance, diversity, and common
species such as Bassarona dunya. Observed pattern could be due to the distribution of available
adult resources and larval hostplants. Being practically ‘sun-lovers’, highest diversity of
nymphalids at the canopy level was recorded at the forest edge (H’ = 2.525). Meanwhile, more
microhabitats are offered at the lower level in secondary forest and thus supporting the most
diverse nymphalids here (H’ = 3.020). Vertical study of nymphalids provides knowledge and
fluctuation patterns of its diversity and thus more similar study is suggested to be conducted in
the futur
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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